Consider the role of the hero in a Sixteenth-Century work and a Essay

A Guide to the History of Mongooses

A Guide to the History of Mongooses Mongooses are individuals from the Herpestidae family, and they are little flesh eating warm blooded creatures with 34 separate species found in around 20 genera. As grown-ups, they go in size from 1-6 kilograms (2 to 13 pounds) in weight, and their body lengths run between 23-75 centimeters (9 to 30 inches). They are fundamentally African in starting point, albeit one family is broad all through Asia and southern Europe, and a few genera are discovered distinctly on Madagascar. Late research on taming issues (in the English language scholastic press, in any case), has essentially centered around the Egyptian or white-followed mongoose (Herpestes ichneumon). The Egyptian mongoose (H. ichneumon) is a medium-sized mongoose, grown-ups weighing around 2-4 kg (4-8 lb.), with a slim body, around 50-60 cm (9-24 in) long, and a tail around 45-60 cm (20-24 in) long. The hide is grizzled dim, with a uniquely darker head and lower appendages. It has little, adjusted ears, a sharp gag, and a decorated tail. The mongoose has a summed up diet that incorporates little to medium-sized spineless creatures, for example, hares, rodents, fowls, and reptiles, and they have no issues with eating the flesh of bigger vertebrates. Its advanced dissemination is all over Africa, in the Levant from the Sinai promontory to southern Turkey and in Europe in the southwestern piece of the Iberian landmass. Mongooses and Human Beings The most punctual Egyptian mongoose found at archeological destinations involved by people or our progenitors is at Laetoli, in Tanzania. H. ichneumon remains have likewise been recouped at a few South African Middle Stone Age destinations, for example, Klasies River, Nelson Bay, and Elandsfontein. In the Levant, it has been recuperated from Natufian (12,500-10,200 BP) destinations of el-Wad and Mount Carmel. In Africa, H. ichneumon has been distinguished in Holocene destinations and in the early Neolithic site of Nabta Playa (11-9,000 cal BP) in Egypt. Different mongooses, explicitly the Indian dark mongoose, H. edwardsi, are known from Chalcolithic destinations in India (2600-1500 BC). A little H. edwardsii was recouped from the Harrappan human advancement site of Lothal, ca 2300-1750 BC; mongooses show up in models and connected with explicit divinities in both Indian and Egyptian societies. None of these appearances fundamentally speak to tame creatures. Trained Mongooses Truth be told, mongooses dont appear to have ever been trained in the genuine feeling of the word. They dont require taking care of: like felines, they are trackers and can get their own meals. Like felines, they can mate with their wild cousins; like felines, given the chance, mongooses will come back to nature. There are no physical changes in mongooses after some time which recommend some taming procedure at work. Be that as it may, likewise like felines, Egyptian mongooses can make incredible petsâ if you get them at an early age; and, additionally like felines, they are acceptable at downplaying the vermin down: a valuable characteristic for people to abuse. The connection among mongooses and individuals appears to have made in any event a stride towards training in the New Kingdom of Egypt (1539-1075 BC). New Kingdom mummies of Egyptian mongooses were found at the twentieth administration site of Bubastis, and in Roman period Dendereh and Abydos. In his Natural History written in the main century AD, Pliny the senior provided details regarding a mongoose he found in Egypt. It was very likely the development of the Islamic human advancement that brought the Egyptian mongoose into southwestern Iberian landmass, likely during the Umayyad administration (AD 661-750). Archeological proof shows that preceding the eighth century AD, not a single mongooses were in sight in Europe more as of late than the Pliocene. Early Specimens of Egyptian Mongoose in Europe One about complete H. ichneumon was found in the Cave of Nerja, Portugal. Nerja has a few centuries of occupations, including an Islamic period occupation. The skull was recouped from the Las Fantasmas room in 1959, and in spite of the fact that the social stores in this room date to the last Chalcolithic, AMS radiocarbon dates demonstrate that the creature went into the cavern between the sixth and eighth hundreds of years (885-40 RCYBP) and was caught. A previous revelation was four bones (head, pelvis and two complete right ulnae) recouped from the Muge Mesolithic period shell middens of focal Portugal. Despite the fact that Muge itself is safely dated to between 8000 AD 7600 cal BP, the mongoose bones themselves date to 780-970 cal AD, showing that it also tunneled into early stores where it passed on. Both of these disclosures bolster the insinuation that Egyptian mongooses were brought into southwestern Iberia during the extension of the Islamic human progress of the sixth eighth hundreds of years AD, likely the Ummayad emirate of Cordoba, 756-929 AD. Sources Detry C, Bicho N, Fernandes H, and Fernandes C. 2011. The Emirate of Cã ³rdoba (756â€929 AD) and the presentation of the Egyptian mongoose (Herpestes ichneumon) in Iberia: the remaining parts from Muge, Portugal. Journal of Archeological Scienceâ 38(12):3518-3523.Encyclopedia of Life. Herpestes. Gotten to January 22, 2012Gaubert P, Machordom A, Morales A, Lã ³pez-Bao JV, Veron G, Amin M, Barros T, Basuony M, Djagoun CAMS, San EDL et al. 2011. Comparative phylogeography of two African carnivorans probably brought into Europe: unraveling regular versus human-interceded dispersal over the Strait of Gibraltar. Journal of Biogeographyâ 38(2):341-358.Palomares F, and Delibes M. 1993. Social association in the Egyptian mongoose: bunch size, spatial conduct and between singular contacts in adults. Animal Behaviourâ 45(5):917-925.Myers, P. 2000. Herpestidae (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Gotten to January 22, 2012 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts /data/Herpestidae.html.Riquelme-Cantala JA, Simã ³n-Vallejo MD, Palmqvist P, and Cortã ©s-Snchez M. 2008. The most seasoned mongoose of Europe. Journal of Archeological Science 35(9):2471-2473. Ritchie EG, and Johnson CN. 2009. Predator associations, mesopredator discharge and biodiversity conservation. Ecology Letters 12(9):982-998.Sarmento P, Cruz J, Eira C, and Fonseca C. 2011. Modeling the inhabitance of sympatric carnivorans in a Mediterranean ecosystem. European Journal of Wildlife Researchâ 57(1):119-131.van der Geer, A. 2008 Animals in Stone: Indian warm blooded creatures formed through time. Brill: Leiden.

Leadership Coaching And What It Can Do For Your Career

Leadership Coaching And What It Can Do For Your Career For the longest time, we have entertained the concept of some people being “born leaders”, coming into this world gifted with the characteristics of one who is able to lead and motivate. © Shutterstock.com | Billion PhotosHowever, as time went by, and more studies and researches were made into human behavior and the extent of man’s capabilities, there were several who postulated that, while some exceptional characters may have been born with the knack for leadership, most leaders are actually made and not born.THEORIES ON LEADERSHIPThe idea that leaders are “born and not made” was presented in two theories. First is the Trait Theory of leadership, which basically states that people are born inherited leadership traits, and that if they have the right combination and the right amount of these traits, they are destined to become good, even great, leaders.The Great Man Theory took the same stance, saying that being a leader is something that one is born with, and his greatness as a leader will come out when it is greatly needed. This theory even attached a degree of mysticism to the personality of a leader, who just “magically appears” when there is a need fo r him.Of course, behavioral theorists eventually came out to refute this, taking the other side of the argument by saying that anyone can become a good leader if he undergoes a learning process. Leadership is not something that is inherited and embedded in the genes, because it can be acquired and learned through perception, teaching, training, practice and experience, over a long period of time.As discussed by Brigette Hyacinth, author of The Edge of Leadership: A Leader’s Handbook for Success, leadership is an ART, more than a SCIENCE. It is also a matter of timing, and there is a great degree of dependence on certain factors such as the environment, location, and other external forces. Most of the time, leadership is also a choice.While she agrees that leadership is comprised of a set of traits and qualities that are innate in the individual, these traits and qualities are stimulated, refined and perfected through both formal and informal education, training, learning and exper ience. At the end of the day, the individual will decide whether to be a leader or not.Most theorists reconciled the two sides of the leadership coin by saying that leaders are partly born and partly made. In any case, there is an unspoken acknowledgement that leadership â€" or at least parts or aspects of it â€" is learned. In structured environments, leadership programs are institutionalized. One of the initiatives included in such programs is leadership coaching, now seen as one of the most essential tools for personality and professional development.LEADERSHIP COACHING DEFINEDJohn Whitmore defined coaching as “unlocking a person’s potential to maximize their own performance” and basically describes it as “helping the person to learn, rather than teaching him”. In a coaching relationship, there are two parties: the coach and the person being coached. More than as an expert or a highly knowledgeable and authoritative figure, however, the coach is one helps the individual to learn. He is not a teacher; he is a learning facilitator.Many take coaching as one and the same with mentoring, but there is a slight difference. The coach helps you to discover new ways of learning; the mentor will guide you by showing you exactly how to do something. Thus, it is expected that the mentor must have extensive knowledge and experience, enough to call him an expert.In the context of leadership coaching, where coaching is referred to as the process of helping an individual to unlock his or her own potential, the objective is to release the leadership traits and qualities that are within the individual, to enable him to develop into a good leader.According to the Executive Coaching Handbook, leadership coaching is an experiential and individual leader development process that builds a leader’s capability to achieve short- and long-term organizational goals.Again, let us be clear about this: Leadership coaching is not about teaching an individual how to be a good le ader. Instead, it is about helping that individual to learn how to be a good leader.Other terms used to refer to leadership coaching are “business coaching” and “executive coaching” aimed primarily at leaders. In this relationship, there are the two parties typical in any coaching relationship. There is the coach and the leader, or any individual put in a leadership or supervisory role, performing functions that involve being responsible for other people, say a team, a division, or a business unit. However, there is a third party in this relationship, and that is the organization where the leader belongs to.All three work collaboratively throughout the coaching process, forging a partnership that will help the leader develop and grow and, in the process, aid the organization in the attainment of its goals and objectives. THE IMPORTANCE OF LEADERSHIP COACHINGBusiness is filled with risks and uncertainties, and the constantly evolving business landscape â€" from economic condi tions and industrial or market trends, to technological developments and ever-shifting values and priorities, business organizations always have to stay on their toes to keep up, and stay ahead.Often, this involves businesses having to adapt to changes and evolve with the times. From time to time, businesses have to reinvent themselves, and this requires a similar reaction on the part of the members of the organization. Employees must update their skills and, obviously, the leaders of the company have to take the lead, no pun intended.Thus, we can name the following reasons why leadership coaching is necessary.To stay competitive. As discussed earlier, leaders and businesses have to keep up with the fast pace of change in the business world. It is so easy to be left in the dust as others go full speed ahead, but coaching will help ensure that you are able to keep pace with the rest of them… and even take the lead.To resolve problems and issues. Coaching can help leaders recognize solutions for problems in a quicker and more efficient manner. While it is true that they may eventually get there, and find that solution, getting a little help through coaching can speed things up a bit, so that problems are resolved in a shorter time, and with less waste or expense.To aid in professional growth and development. Leaders have a natural inclination to map out a career, identifying ways to keep them on track and to allow them to advance faster. Coaching is one of those ways. There is a need to acknowledge the reality that there are things that we cannot do alone and, even if we can do it, the road is not going to be as easy as we would want them to be. Coaching will help ease that path a little, and help leaders attain their career and professional goals. You will also find that organizations have one pervasive reason for engaging coaches for their leaders, and that is to develop the capabilities of their high-potential performers.To foster personal growth and develo pment. Through coaching, an individual gets to take a look inside himself and come to terms with some (often harsh) realities about his personality that may be hindering him from becoming a more mature and better individual. Aside from transforming the quality of one’s working life, leadership coaching also involves the transformation of an individual’s personal life.CHARACTERISTICS OR FEATURES OF LEADERSHIP COACHINGAsk around, and you will find that people have various misconceptions about leadership coaching. Let us try to clear things up by taking a closer look at its features or characteristics.A prerequisite of leadership coaching is a strong and honest desire by an individual to be coached and the willingness to be put to work. The leader must really want it in order to fully welcome whatever the coach will make him do.Coaching is present- and future-oriented. The coach is unlikely to look at the past and analyze history. Instead, he will look to the present and find patte rs, then use them to move forward into the future. This makes sense, really, because the goal of leadership coaching is to make better future leaders.Usually, it is conducted one-on-one, with the coach and the individual interacting with each other. There are instances, however, when leadership coaching can be performed involving group or panel interactions.This is based on mutual trust and respect between an individual and his coach. It involves a relationship between partners, meaning it is an equal partnership, with the coach and the leader working together to achieve a common goal, and not the coach working for the leader to bring out the best in him. Both parties know the goal, and they are in agreement on how to go about achieving it.Coaches, in general, are hired externally. This lends more than a small degree of objectivity to the relationship, since the coach will be free from dangers of self-interest getting in the way of working with the leader to help him to learn.Leader ship coaching can be customized and tailored to fit the individual being coached. This is one of the things that distinguish it from training or mentoring, which are usually structured. The coach will take a look at the individual and come up with a coaching program specifically designed just for himWHAT LEADERSHIP COACHING CAN DO FOR YOUR CAREERSome of the most successful people â€" and great leaders in their own right â€" are in consensus about how leadership coaching can take you places. Examples of these great leaders that have tried coaching, and recommend it to others, are Microsoft’s Bill Gates and Eric Schmidt, former CEO of Google. Does this mean that leadership coaching is only for business founders and members of top management? Of course not. Receiving leadership coaching will also help those who are looking for ways to improve their chances of going up the ladder, and getting the best career opportunities out there.This means that hiring the services of leadership coa ches is not limited to organizations and corporations wanting their high performers to receive its benefits. Individuals with career aspirations and ambitions may also take the initiative to seek leadership coaching.In the succeeding discussion, let us take a deeper look at what leadership coaching can do for your career and professional life.Career advancement is often equated with tangible and hard results: faster promotions, higher pay, more incentives and benefits, increased recognition in higher and bigger circles, and more opportunities outside of the confines of your work.Leadership Coaching helps employees to build a presence and influence in the organization.Leaders-to-be â€" or employees who are not yet in an executive position â€" will be able to start establishing a presence in the organization with the help of a coach.Getting executive coaching is a good idea if the employee is faced with a new challenge at work, such as a task or project that requires him to lead, or a job assignment that will require so much more from him than he is used to giving to his work. He could also turn to coaching when feedback from co-workers or evaluation from supervisors point to a shortcoming or limitation that he doesn’t know how to correct or rectify.Together with the coach, he will learn how to deal with these challenges and, in the process, demonstrate professionalism, work ethic and effectiveness that will ping the radar of the powers-that-be of the company, and make them notice you and become aware of you as a member â€" and a potential executive and leader â€" of the organization.For example, executive visibility may be increased when the individual demonstrates preparedness during meetings and company interactions. Through coaching, he will be learn how and when to speak, and what to say or even what to ask during these meetings. In the process, he will be able to draw all eyes on him, allowing him to better position himself for future employment and care er opportunities.Leadership Coaching increases self-awareness and, consequently, self-confidence.One of the marks of being a leader is having confidence, not only in his people or staff, but especially on his skills and capabilities to lead other people, and lead them well.Unfortunately, the realization that everyone has a unique set of skills within them has not occurred to everyone. Some of them have to be urged â€" or coached â€" into realizing this, and to recognize what these dormant leadership skills are, and refine and hone them to the point that they are, indeed, the tools that will propel them to a leadership role or position.Discovery of leadership skills and goals. Through leadership coaching, leaders will become aware of leadership skills they didn’t know they had, and realize leadership goals that they might not even be aware were brewing inside of them. This awareness will certainly make them more confident in performing their tasks, and this confidence will certainl y draw the attention of top management.Awareness and acknowledgement of weaknesses. Self-confidence may also arise from knowing what your weaknesses are. Because of this, you will be more aware of your actions so that these weaknesses do not actually pull your down. Once you’ve also acknowledged where you are lacking, you can start finding ways to overcome them or, if not, at least to compensate for them.Awareness of others’ perception of you. The objectivity that leadership coaching gives is bound to rub off on you, allowing you to take a look at, and understand, how you are perceived by other people, especially those you are working with, and even those you are working for.Clarity on your personal and professional values. Coaching will make you understand what you value most in your personal and professional lives, and this will lead to greater conviction â€" another ingredient of self-confidence.Leadership Coaching shapes an individual into a better strategist.People will fol low a leader with the ability to build effective strategies, and implement them in a way that gets results. If an individual is able to demonstrate this ability, he will be able to easily motivate other people to follow him and implement his strategies. They will trust in him, believing that he will lead them in the right direction.A leadership coach will help the individual discover the strategist within him. Upon discovery, the natural response of the individual would be to seek ways to improve his strategy-building and strategy-implementation capabilities.He will learn to become a better problem-solver, which is definitely a trait that every good leader must have. At a glance, he will be able to spot what the problem is â€" what is lacking, what is excessive, what is hindering the progress of a project â€" and immediately move on to determining how to address these problems. What makes him better at building and implementing strategies, and how can a coach help?Increased and more in-depth knowledge. Working with a leadership coach will improve how the individual learns and acquires deeper learning or new knowledge. In fact, do not be surprised if the coaching sessions motivate him to seek more knowledge, even outside his job description or specification. This broadened interest means additional substantial knowledge that may open even more doors for him. Take, for example, a supervisor in the design team undergoing coaching for career advancement. His coaching resulted to an appetite or thirst for tasks other than design, so he starts taking interest in the technical aspect of production, where his designs are physically created. Thus, he will take the initiative to study specific parts of the manufacturing process so when a new project comes up combining design and production, he’d have a great shot at landing the plum job of leading it.Improvement of skill sets. Once the coach has awakened one’s desire for learning, the leader will be unstoppable in a cquiring new knowledge and improving his skill sets. What skill sets he currently has will be improved and, in the process, he will also be able to gain new skills which, incidentally, will certainly push his attractiveness as a promotion prospect much higher.Determination of areas for improvement. It’s difficult to be objective and admit, on our own, that there are areas where we need to improve on, probably because we are lacking in some ways, or the standards are simply much too high and we are actually doing very well. Coaching brings a leader face to face with the reality that he has weaknesses, yes, but these can be easily improved on, so they can become assets instead of liabilities.Leadership coaching may be a source of emotional support and encouragement.Leadership coaching is not therapy or an interaction purposely conducted to make one party feel better. This does not mean, however, that it is completely devoid of emotion, because the coach may be seen as a source of em otional support. The coach is not prohibited from giving words of encouragement and strong signs of support to the leader he is coaching.This emotional support and encouragement are strong motivators when it comes to career pathing and planning. Many employees refuse to take steps to seek higher positions in an organization mostly because they are afraid no one would support or encourage them. Any support, encouragement or positive words will work wonders for the leader’s self-confidence and push him to be one of the frontrunners for promotion.We also must not discount the fact that emotional intelligence quotient or EQ is something that top management are looking for in the future leaders of the company. Any employee would want to be seen as someone that other people â€" especially those that they will lead â€" can easily connect to on an emotional level. Coaching brings the individual in touch with his inner self and tap into his emotions, improving his EQ and, consequently, his chances of getting that promotion.A key factor at work when you want to advance your career is perception â€" of the executives who will make the decision on whether to promote you or not, and of the other employees who will decide whether to follow and respect you as their leader or not. All too often, it is all about the image that you are able to build for yourself in the eyes of others. The mere fact that you are voluntarily seeking leadership coaching will already give a lot of points in your favor and start shaping how others perceive or see you.Certainly, there are a lot of tools and strategies that you can use to take your career to the next level, and leadership coaching is one of them. If you are truly determined to be up there sometime in the future, you have to be prepared to take that leadership position, and getting a coach is one of the first steps â€" and best investments â€" that you will ever make for your career.

The Effect of Summer School on Rita in Educating Rita by...

The Effect of Summer School on Rita in Educating Rita by Willy Russell Of course; you dont do Blake without doing innocence and experience, do y? When Frank explains to Rita that after summer school they will study William Blake, Rita says that she has already studied Blake and implies in such a way that she almost disgraces Frank. Before summer school Rita has only been taught Frank and has only learnt his ideas, when she gains her own confidence she then challenges Frank on his views to do with poetry by telling him about William Blake. This confidence reflects the effect which summer school ultimately had upon Rita. Willy Russell was born in Whiston, near Liverpool, England, in 1947.†¦show more content†¦After going to Summer School Rita herself has changed because before summer school she was just a normal student going to Frank to learn and she felt too ashamed to be outspoken. Now that she has returned she has learnt that she needs to be more confident in herself and she now trusts herself more. Rita feels now that she has been educated and is now able to relate and have meaningful conversations with people. I think the first question was about Chekhov; coz y know Im dead familiar with Chekhov now Ritas confidence has become more obvious because dead surprised has now become dead familiar this shows that Rita has now become a different person. Before Frank had met Rita he was unhappy with his life he was drinking a lot, bored of lecturing and teaching so he decided he would so some work with the Open University and of course Rita was his first student. Can I offer you a drink? ... Scotch After Rita has been to Summer School, she treats Frank differently. She has realised that she doesnt just need Frank as a teacher anymore. When Frank knows that Rita has already studied Blake he is quite surprised. Blake at summer school? You werent supposed to do Blake at summer school, were you? With Rita studying Blake at summer school, this shows us how Frank is losing his control over Rita. She is now determined to study elsewhere notShow MoreRelatedEducating Rita4003 Words   |  17 PagesEducating Rita: Society, Education and Self-Reflection Usa Padgate * Abstract Educating Rita is a play written by Willy Russell, an English playwright from Liverpool. It was voted ‘Best Comedy of the Year’ when performed by the Royal Shakespeare Company in 1980. By 1983 it had risen to be the fourth most popular play on the British stage. In the same year it was transformed into a film and won the BAFTA Best Film Award as well as Academy Award nominations, proving its appeal and popularityRead MoreEducating Rita By Willy Russell1469 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Educating Rita† written in 1980 by Willy Russell, is a play that explores the way in which a working class Liverpudlian woman, Rita (Susan), follows the change from unhappiness to happiness. The story is a comedy, which revolves around the growing personal relationship between Rita, and her Open University Literature tutor, Dr. Frank Byrant. Russell often mocks many parts of society at a time when the play was set including education, social class and patriarchy. Rita is used to create comedy withinRead MoreEducating Rita2086 Words   |  9 Pagesducating rita How does Willy Russell show change in the main character in Educating Rita?    Educating Rita is a drama which was first published as a play in 1983, written by Willy Russell; subsequently, it was made into a film which quickly became a box-office hit. The play consists of a particular theme (education) and it explores the processes that inflict change upon the main character Rita.    The content of the storyline was considered to be quite controversial and diverse for it’s timeRead More Cultural Backgrounds of Frank and Rita Essay examples1980 Words   |  8 PagesCultural Backgrounds of Frank and Rita Through close analysis of three or four scenes from different parts of the play, show how Willy Russell brings out the cultural backgrounds of Frank and Rita in Educating Rita. Comment on how Frank and Ritas attitudes to culture change in the play. Through close analysis of three or four scenes from different parts of the play, show how Willy Russell brings out the cultural backgrounds of Frank and Rita in Educating Rita. Comment on how Frank andRead More Educating Rita Essay2539 Words   |  11 PagesEducating Rita Educating Rita is a humorous play giving out a very strong message, which is telling the reader to never give up in life and keep striving for what you are aiming for. In this play we have a 26 year old woman called Rita whom is a mature woman, seeking an education, as she didnt take the opportunity to learn when she was an amateur student, because of the environment she lived in and the fact she didnt want to learn due to her popularity and her working class culture. Read MoreWhat Does a Comparison of the Way the Characters and Their Relationship Are Presented in Act One, Scene One with the Way the Characters and Their Relationship Are Presented in Act Two, Scenes One to Three Reveal About3558 Words   |  15 PagesScenes One to Three reveal about the development of Rita and Frank and their relationship, in Educating Rita? Educating Rita was written in 1980 by the playwright Willy Russell and is one of his most famous plays to date. Since the play has many similarities to Russell’s life, it is viewed as a semi-autobiographical play containing certain similarities to his life; for example both he and Rita were female hairdressers and were under-educated at school. The play is written as a comedy and shows the changeRead MoreEDUCATING RITA: What themes are developed by Willy Russell in his play Educating Rita, and how does he develop his characters to reflect those themes?7014 Words   |  29 PagesEducating Rita by Willy Russell explores the relationship between the two characters involved in the play, Frank and Rita over a time span, of several months. A variety of themes are explored as Rita, a working class Liverpudlian, aspires to a higher social and academic level so that she may have choices, with Frank, a disillusioned and failed poet as her teacher. As Rita progresses, Russell uses a range of dramatic techniques and tensions between the two characters to explore themes of the personalRead MoreEssay about Educating Rita by Willy Russell3396 Words   |  14 PagesEducating Rita by Willy Russell Educating Rita displays the major changes that occur in the main character, an initially narrow minded, outspoken and socially naà ¯ve Liverpudlian trapped by her working class life. Rita thinks an increase in intelligence and worldly knowledge will change this, and set her free. She strives to change classes, and although is different from her working class peers, she still isnt ready to be accepted as middle class. She aims to reach her goal through anRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesconditions between different sorts of political regimes— communist, capitalist, colonial, and fascist. Particularly revealing are Spodek’s discussions of the influence of prominent urban planners and architects— including Le Corbusier and the Chicago School—urban preservation and the city as the locus of global cultural development, and the ways in which slums and shanty towns have morphed into long-term homes and viable communities for perhaps a majority of urban dwellers worldwide in the last halfRead MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 Pagesspecialty products. The company culture was about to change, spearheaded by project management, concurrent engineering, and total quality management. Senior management s commitment to product management was apparent by the time and money spent in educating the employees. Unfortunately, the seasoned twenty-year-plus veterans still would not support the new culture. Recognizing the problems, management provided continuous and visible support for project management, in addition to hiring a project management

Analysis Of Theodore Dalrymple And The Frivolity Of Evil

Theodore Dalrymple and The Frivolity of Evil ‘The Frivolity of Evil’ is an article written by retired psychiatrist, Theodore Dalrymple. Dalrymple has spent 14 years of his life working in the lower-class slum and prison hospitals in Birmingham, England. His exposure to the lower class in his work has given rise to his unique interested in ‘evil’ or as his title suggest, the lack of seriousness that is taken in regard to evil actions and its recent growth. Dalrymple has traveled all over the world and seen many a form of evil. His choice in choosing to do his work in a disadvantaged neighborhood in combination with the evil he’s seen around the world has given him very interesting insight. What is evil and why does it persist? Before his†¦show more content†¦His patient is young 21-year-old girl. She has three children from three different fathers. The first father impregnated her at the age of 16. He openly cheated on her and would beat her d uring his drunken rages. She left him and met her second child’s father. This man was an addict with a criminal history. He died in an accident while driving a stolen car. The father of her third told her to have his child or he would leave her. She lived with him and had his child. A week after giving birth he left her. She went to Dalrymple claiming to be depressed. Of the thousands of patients Dalrymple has had, only 2 or 3 have ever claimed to be unhappy, the rest all say that they are depressed. The word itself stands almost independent from the concept of ‘unhappiness’. Whether intentionally or not when someone says that they are unhappy they are taking responsibility for that unhappiness. Depression is a medical term so if we suggest we are depressed we are saying there is a chemical imbalance that is causing our misery and if given the correct therapy or medicine we can cure our depression. Dalrymple thinks this is a very defective view because in the cas e of his patient, the result of her unhappiness is the result of our poor life choices and not a chemical imbalance in the brain. I once heard that Albert Einstein’s definition of insanity is to do the same thing over and over again but to expect different results. This reminds me of

Nicholson and Riley “Indiana writers in history” Free Essays

Nicholson and Riley are two of the most celebrated Indiana writers in history. Their portrayal of the culture is outstanding considering they each didn†t completed high school. Their writings came from the heart of Indiana. We will write a custom essay sample on Nicholson and Riley â€Å"Indiana writers in history† or any similar topic only for you Order Now They are both considered true sons of Central Indiana. In the essays they both had different views of Indiana, but both were leaning on the same premise of homey, beautiful and comfortable. Riley and Nicholson brought a real feel to the images they wrote about.. The two writers created an â€Å"atmosphere† about Indiana that everyone would enjoy. Riley and Nicholson saw different things in Indiana and they both loved the state and all aspects of it. The traditions the authors created were some of pride and glory of the difference they had between other states. Hoosiers were rather bias when it came to there own state. They thought of it as state in which someone really didn†t wanted to leave and if they did they were always happy to come back. In Nicholson†s essay on Indianapolis he states that Indiana people think the more they travel to other states the more they like their own city or state. Hoosiers were proud to be from this state. They felt that other states only dreamt of possessing this same pride and glory. Maybe a false tradition Riley created could have been that a reader from another state reads this and has never been to Indiana, will think that everyone in Indiana is a low-educated, hillbilly, a hick from the back woods. The fact is, education wasn†t highly needed on the farm. But a farming education is still and education. They skills they learned on the farm where just as valuable as the skills you learn in the classroom. Each writer did speak of the neighborliness of the people in the state and how they would give someone anything they had to offer. This lifestyle is s imilar to the current Morman way of life. They each mention how earthly Hoosiers were by putting trees on the sidewalks in the city and the swimmin†-hole they loved as children. Nicholson talked about the city of Indianapolis and how it had a natural feeling. However this feeling can also be translated to the entire state. This was because of Indiana†s low urbanization and education. The people didn†t need all the high tech trains and whistles in their state they liked. That is just the way it was. The authors† spoke of the kindness the people in the state, even for strangers. Indiana was safe and women could go to the market without having to worry about being attacked or robbed. Riley made points about the everyday life of the normal Hoosier and the things they went though. Riley talked about punkins† and how the people didn†t come up with many ideas of their own but when they did, they stood by them. The writers celebrated many traditions of Indiana in their own special way. Riley and Nicholson brought different experiences to the readings. Riley gave the real dialect of the people of Indiana and how they spent their days on the farms, while Nicholson talked about the kindheartedness of the people of Indiana. In all my trips to Indiana and while living here, I have found that Nicholson†s writings of the people back then hasn†t really changed that much. One of the factors while choosing Butler as my University, was the Gentleness of the Indiana culture. The two writers, in their writings made a pretty complete picture of Indiana. But it appears they both left out the northerner Indiana people.. They concentrated on the central and border southerner, but rarely mentioned the north. While the role of the Northerners culture was minor, their Indiana†s traditions and values were substantial. The Northerners played a function in the diversity of the state and the cultural cradle Indiana formed in the Midwest. While I have resided in Illinois my entire life, and now reside in Indiana, I see the differences in the people of Indiana and the pride they feel for their state. Illinois may not feel such a pride since their culture around the Chicago area is so diverse. There are many residents that come from all over the world. In Indiana, their roots are from the farm communities where their forefathers sweated blood and tears to farm their land, feed and educate their children, and die trying. Riley and Nicholson just put into words all the feelings the people of Indiana feel. After reading these excerpts, you realize, the Indiana people know all this but it was nice to read about why they feel so strongly about their state. Now Bobby Knight might be a different story! How to cite Nicholson and Riley â€Å"Indiana writers in history†, Papers

Nicholson and Riley “Indiana writers in history” Free Essays

Nicholson and Riley are two of the most celebrated Indiana writers in history. Their portrayal of the culture is outstanding considering they each didn†t completed high school. Their writings came from the heart of Indiana. We will write a custom essay sample on Nicholson and Riley â€Å"Indiana writers in history† or any similar topic only for you Order Now They are both considered true sons of Central Indiana. In the essays they both had different views of Indiana, but both were leaning on the same premise of homey, beautiful and comfortable. Riley and Nicholson brought a real feel to the images they wrote about.. The two writers created an â€Å"atmosphere† about Indiana that everyone would enjoy. Riley and Nicholson saw different things in Indiana and they both loved the state and all aspects of it. The traditions the authors created were some of pride and glory of the difference they had between other states. Hoosiers were rather bias when it came to there own state. They thought of it as state in which someone really didn†t wanted to leave and if they did they were always happy to come back. In Nicholson†s essay on Indianapolis he states that Indiana people think the more they travel to other states the more they like their own city or state. Hoosiers were proud to be from this state. They felt that other states only dreamt of possessing this same pride and glory. Maybe a false tradition Riley created could have been that a reader from another state reads this and has never been to Indiana, will think that everyone in Indiana is a low-educated, hillbilly, a hick from the back woods. The fact is, education wasn†t highly needed on the farm. But a farming education is still and education. They skills they learned on the farm where just as valuable as the skills you learn in the classroom. Each writer did speak of the neighborliness of the people in the state and how they would give someone anything they had to offer. This lifestyle is s imilar to the current Morman way of life. They each mention how earthly Hoosiers were by putting trees on the sidewalks in the city and the swimmin†-hole they loved as children. Nicholson talked about the city of Indianapolis and how it had a natural feeling. However this feeling can also be translated to the entire state. This was because of Indiana†s low urbanization and education. The people didn†t need all the high tech trains and whistles in their state they liked. That is just the way it was. The authors† spoke of the kindness the people in the state, even for strangers. Indiana was safe and women could go to the market without having to worry about being attacked or robbed. Riley made points about the everyday life of the normal Hoosier and the things they went though. Riley talked about punkins† and how the people didn†t come up with many ideas of their own but when they did, they stood by them. The writers celebrated many traditions of Indiana in their own special way. Riley and Nicholson brought different experiences to the readings. Riley gave the real dialect of the people of Indiana and how they spent their days on the farms, while Nicholson talked about the kindheartedness of the people of Indiana. In all my trips to Indiana and while living here, I have found that Nicholson†s writings of the people back then hasn†t really changed that much. One of the factors while choosing Butler as my University, was the Gentleness of the Indiana culture. The two writers, in their writings made a pretty complete picture of Indiana. But it appears they both left out the northerner Indiana people.. They concentrated on the central and border southerner, but rarely mentioned the north. While the role of the Northerners culture was minor, their Indiana†s traditions and values were substantial. The Northerners played a function in the diversity of the state and the cultural cradle Indiana formed in the Midwest. While I have resided in Illinois my entire life, and now reside in Indiana, I see the differences in the people of Indiana and the pride they feel for their state. Illinois may not feel such a pride since their culture around the Chicago area is so diverse. There are many residents that come from all over the world. In Indiana, their roots are from the farm communities where their forefathers sweated blood and tears to farm their land, feed and educate their children, and die trying. Riley and Nicholson just put into words all the feelings the people of Indiana feel. After reading these excerpts, you realize, the Indiana people know all this but it was nice to read about why they feel so strongly about their state. Now Bobby Knight might be a different story! How to cite Nicholson and Riley â€Å"Indiana writers in history†, Papers

Nationalization of Mexicos Oil and Gas Industry

Introduction The Mexican revolution that began in 1910 and continued for ten more years had far reaching impacts on all aspects of life of the Mexicans. Several bloody revolutions took place between 1910 and 1920. The peak of these revolutions was in 1917 when Mexican constitution was drafted. Several sections of this constitution shaped a variety of events that took place in post-revolutionary Mexican politics. Article 27 of this constitution was important as it restricted subsoil ownership to the state.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Nationalization of Mexico’s Oil and Gas Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this paper, I will focus on the Mexican revolution and especially on the events leading to the creation of constitution of 1917. The paper will also look at nationalization of the Mexican oil industry and the events that preceded the expropriation foreign oil company property in Me xico. The Mexican revolution of 1910-1920 The Mexican revolution of 1910-1920 rose following mounting discontent of President Porfilio Diaz’s government. Diaz rose into power through what he claimed as liberalizing movement whose motto was â€Å"effective suffrage, no reelection†. However, he remained in power for thirty four more years disregarding the no-reelection pledge (Joel 2001, 541). This revolution that began in 1910 was a bitter and a bloody war that involved a variety of armies seeking the control of Mexico in a period of ten years. By this year, Mexico had been under the rule of Porfirio Diaz who had overthrown French installed emperor Maximillan. Diaz ruled Mexico in a dictatorial fashion from 1876 up to 1911 when he was overthrown by Madero. During his rule, the economy of Mexico prospered at the expense of the peasants and the working class whose living conditions continued to worsen significantly. Workers were paid lowly while majority of Mexican wealth was in the hands of ruling families; an insignificant proportion of the population. As a result of these injustices, liberal opposition began to take root to challenge the dictatorial rule of Diaz. This opposition was led by Madero who challenged Diaz while still in prison under the support of anti-Diaz rebel. When he was released from behind the bars, Madero fled to USA from where he emerged in 1910 to start a rebellion. The result was a long protracted struggle that tore Mexico apart and untold suffering to the ordinary Mexican citizens (Walsh Quesada 2006, 5). Madero, together with Pancho villa and Pascual Oroczo forced Diaz and his deputy to resign in mid-1911. Rather than take the presidency, Madero allowed for an interim president while he run for election in late 1911. When Madero ascended to power, he continuously faced opposition from former friends of Diaz and radical revolutionists led by Zapata whose interests were in land reforms and other policies. On February 18, 19 13, Madero was overthrown and murdered by Victoriano Huerta (Camp 2011, 84).[1]Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The constitution of 1917 The death of Madero set in place a radical phase of Mexican revolution that occurred between 1913 and 1916. The revolutionary principles of this period became incorporated into the constitution of 1917. Article 27 of the constitution has remained the most crucial aspect to dat. The first paragraph of this article granted the nation the power to expropriate property for the sake of public rights and equitable distribution of resources. Paragraphs four and five also grant the nation full ownership of all resources in the subsoil. The distrust shown towards the US by Mexican nationalistic emerged from the US ambassador allowing Madero to be overthrown and killed. Venustiano Carranza ascended to the throne in 1916 and was himself succeeded by Gene ral Alvaro Obregon in 1924 (Gordon 1 1965, 34). Constitutional amendment of 1928 Political ambitions and the desire to run for a second term in office made Obregon to amend the constitution in order to allow nonconsecutive reelection. Although Obregon went ahead to win the reelection, he was assassinated before being sworn in. what followed was a series of important political changes that have lasted to date. Lazaro Cardenas Lazaro Cardenas was born in Michoacà ¡n in 1895. With the support of the constitutionalists, Cà ¡rdenas joined the Mexican revolution as a captain in 1913 at the age of 18. He participated in numerous other battles such as those fought against Zapata and Villa. Cardenas served under General Plutarco Elias Calles. Cardenas went ahead to support the government against the army rebellion of 1923 and 1929. He was also engaged on the government’s side against Cristello rebellion of 1928. By 1928, Cardenas had reached the rank of divisional general. Cardenas went ahead to serve as a governor, president of the National Revolutionary Party (PNR), and secretary of national defense. He resigned as the secretary of the National defense in 1934 to serve as NPR’s flag bearer for presidency (Camp 2011, 100). When Calles influenced the decision to choose Cardenas as the party’s flag bearer, he believed that he would be the power behind the throne. However, Cardenas applied his political skills to outmaneuver the ex-president and forcefully exiled him to the US in 1935. He believed that president could only have control over the political system only when they were in power but not afterwards. This was the first major political principle introduced by Cardenas in the politics of Mexico. His second major contribution was in the development of some crucial features of the NPR and the relationship between corporatist structure and occupational groups. These relationships included those between organized labor, peasant organizations and NPR. Cardenas recognized huge labor confederations formed a section of his party and therefore required approval from the state.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Nationalization of Mexico’s Oil and Gas Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On private sector, the president required firms of a certain size to business organizations started by the state while at the same time excluding them from NPR. This moves created official channels through which communication between the state and large economic and political actors was enhanced (Philip 1982, 172). Cardenas also changed the socio-economic tone of his government so as to show favor to the interests of the working class. He handed them land and encouraged those with various discontentment to air them through legal strikes. All this changes especially on the corporatist linkages was the foundation of a more powerful, centralized authoritarian state. Cardenas and nationalization of Mexican oil The Mexican oil expropriation had far reaching impacts on both the international oil industry and the Mexican revolution. Cardenas presidency is credited for having institutionalized the revolution as he sought support from beyond the elite friends as Carranza had done. This was evidenced by his incorporation of the working class and the peasants into his party. On 18th March, 1938, Cà ¡rdenas nationalized the oil industry. The nationalization was a sign of a dramatic affirmation of the economic independence of Mexico from leading oil companies and their governments, a move widely supported by majority of Mexicans. Cardenas’ motives for nationalization of Mexican oil are shrouded in mystery. A similar mystery surrounds his relationships with key political insiders (Philip 1982, 201). Implications of the constitution on Mexican oil It is most likely that Cardenas nationalization of Mexican oil emanated from his political elit es rather than from diffuse popular pressure like many would like to assert. Article 27 of the constitution framed in 1927 claimed that Mexican subsoil was a property of the nation. This might have yielded the eventual expropriation. But oil nationalization was not all that popular during the revolutionary period. The nationalization could only have come from a small group whose tenuous roots were in the mass of the population. It is crucial to understand that Mexico was highly classed, fragmented and disunited to produce a very successful nationalism. The nationalism witnessed during the revolutionary period had a highly conservative tone. If such a thing occurred, then it probably arose from the military nationalism. Military nationalism was encrusted in the urban middle-class sectors and was represented by the carrancism. This nationalism motivated the attacks directed towards the porfirian political system. The porifirian political system had been entrusted by earlier regimes to the development and management of economy and foreign capital (Santiago 2006, 117).Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is rational to argue that those involved in preparation of Mexican constitution were non-other than the military officers who had served under Carranza during the fight that was still going on. These military officers were somehow irritated the intervention of the US in their revolution. Just like Carranza, these military officers laid the blame on the oil companies (Santiago 2006, 118). It is most probable that the oil companies did find it worthwhile to finance to some extent various rebel groups in their bid to control oil producing areas. This was viewed by non-financed factions as a form of political commitment by the oil companies. Although such claims may appear ambiguous, such a form of contribution could not be averted except by abandonment of properties; a highly unlikely thing for oil companies. This involvement by the oil companies was further evidenced by their claim for a legal position. If this was respected, then these would have given them entrenched rights free from policies of the post-revolutionary government. Based on these claims, Carranza viewed the presence of these oil companies as permanent threat to his government. His arguments were that through the oil companies, North American interests would be in operation in Mexico. He rationalized that by losing the regimes that had supported them; these companies had played a critical role in opposing the revolution and were now seeking the intervention of their governments against nationalization. Carranza was determined to show that Mexico was free to repel or modify its laws with or without being retrospect. He was determined to prove that foreign interests ought to accommodate their activities with ‘our laws’ rather than use the influence of their own governments to force Mexico to accede to legislation convenient to them (Kirkwood 2000, 122). The oil companies reluctantly agreed to Carranza’s proposals and remained intransigent. Consequently, these proposals were m ade part of the Mexican constitution of 1917. Ever since its inclusion, not a single president before Cà ¡rdenas attempted to confront the oil companies. Only Carranza himself had come to that brink. Although these companies were very strong and were backed by Washington, it is also important to mention that successive Mexican government were in weak position and thus unwilling to confront America (Philip 204). The weakness was chiefly caused by the constant internal warfare that characterized Mexico during the 1910-1920 period and three other major uprisings against the government that occurred in 1920s. As a result, Mexican governments were supported by Washington during this period in the maintenance of domestic stability (Philip 1982, 124). In 1919, attempts by Carranza to translate article 27 of the constitution into law faced severe opposition from these companies and the US forcing him to draw back. However, Carranza was overthrown by Obregon who showed less interest in the issue. Towards the end of 1924 when General Elias Calles ascended into power, he showed a determination to radicalize NPR in a bid to build power to silence Obregon and reduce any forthcoming independent political mobilization. Calles, whose main initiatives appeared elsewhere, hastily persuaded the congress to make article 27 of the constitution into law. In December 1925, Calles approved the new law. This law required the companies to seek confirmation of their holdings in Mexico which were to be handed over to the government after some time.[2] In addition to this, the companies were prohibited against seeking foreign intervention in case of a dispute between them and the government of Mexico. The government of Washington and the companies considered this law unacceptable. After Calles, all other succeeding presidents-Portes Gil, Ortiz Rubio, and Rodriguez were revolutionary leaders with the exception of Portes Gil who was congressionally appointed (Philip 1982, 204). By early 19 30s, it had become evident that oil companies were shifting they focus to lower cost Venezuela. This was mainly because Mexican oil production had nosedived after 1926 despite continued foreign investment. By mid-1931, Mexican oil exports had reached a record low and its importance effectively lost from the international arena. Mexican oiling areas had been extensively damaged by the drilling activities of the oil companies. The economic expectation from foreign oil companies’ economic advantages dwindled significantly among Mexican officials. The oil companies were continuously seen as enriching their home countries at the expense of Mexico. The companies were considered as holding Mexico purely as a reserve area which was held back in the interests of the international oil markets stability (Stacy 1981, 4). The question of labor relations also emerged in the wake of early 1930s. The Mexican oil workers were initially recruited through subcontractors whom the state held resp onsible for the workers. Therefore, the first struggle by the oil workers was to form trade unions and to strike. These demands were constantly denied making labor relations primitive and violent (Brenner, 1971, 34). Calles regime was the first to initiate a state oil company. The national railway was given the right to explore possible oilfields[3] close enough to the railway line. The regime went ahead to create a special agency for the oil industry. In 1934, Petromex was instituted to develop potentially oil-rich areas under government’s hands. The main goal of petromex was to supply domestic market with cheap oil. Later in 1934, wages in the oil industry were raised. Foreign oil companies in retaliation increased the prices of oil. Local dailies then worked up violent agitation by accusing the oil companies of exploiting local consumers for the benefit of overseas shareholders. In a sequence of events, bus and taxi drivers went on a strike (Gonzales 2002, 66). From these developments, it is clear that when Cà ¡rdenas nationalized the oil industry, he only harnessed rather than created the hostility to the oil companies. But it is also true that he had a personal commitment to initiating state control in the oil industry. While giving his first report to the congress at the beginning of his presidency, Cà ¡rdenas promised that his regime would intervene to bring balance in the economy of the oil industry. He promised to helpMexico reap benefits from its oil resources which had been for a long time extracted by the companies. In the same report, the president elect promised the public that he would enact laws that were to give Mexico sufficient powers to control the development of the oil industry (Gonzales 2002, 67). President Cà ¡rdenas lamented the petroleum law of 1925 that appeared not to comply with article 27 of the constitution. It apparent that Cà ¡rdenas was interested in a direct control by the state of the oil resources and would have stopped at nothing to see the oil companies kicked out. There appears that there were certain influences by factions and tendencies within Cà ¡rdenas administration that slowed down his independent preferences. There is also a likelihood that certain unforeseen circumstances which he could not control slowed him down. Other key player in Cà ¡rdenas administration such as general Mugica and Lombardo Toledano were more radical in the oil related matters than Cà ¡rdenashimself. Particularly, Mugica was violently opposed to all the oil companies (Jowett Quesda 2006, 6). A more moderate wing in the government appears to have existed that urged Cà ¡rdenas to use a more moderate and gradual policies but which will ultimately lead to expropriation. A variety of unforeseen and conjectural factors were vital in the determination of the process of expropriation. Prominent among these was the mobilization of the oil workers. Under LombardoToledano, the more than 10,000 oil workers in 19 dif ferent trade unions as of 1934 were brought under one trade union. Although the initial aim of consolidating all the trade unions was for them to rally behind Cà ¡rdenas in the fight with Calles, the union continued to be important during Cà ¡rdenas rule (Jowett Quesda 2002, 7). In July 1936, constituent labor unions met in Mexico City with the aim of drawing up the demands of collective labor contract. Although the oil companies welcomed the move, they felt that the demands were excessive. This was what Cà ¡rdenas government had planned; that the wage be set very high, not to bring equilibrium to demand and supply, but rather to echo the capacity of the oil companies to pay. In an earlier speech, Cà ¡rdenas had asserted that if the entrepreneurs failed to maintain their businesses in the wake of labor militancy, the Mexican government was more than willing to do this on their behalf (Joel 2001). Moves towards confrontation In 1937, pressure on the oil companies continued to mou nt. At the beginning of the year, a draft bill was leaked to the press that revealed the government’s proposal to replace petromex with a government petroleum corporation that would take total control of the entire oil industry. The draft further revealed that being purely government owned, the corporation would be exempted from all forms of taxes and thus be able to compete with the companies in domestic market. This move was likely to drive several oil companies out of business as they sold all their output in the local market.[4] At the same time that the dossier was leaked, there were reports that the government was considering to further tax the oil companies. This law was considered unfair to the companies while at the same time Cà ¡rdenas refuted that no harm was being done to foreign capital as the regimes decision could not result in confiscation of properties (Meyer 1977, 143). [5] In May 1937, the oil companies offered 14m pesos against the 65m demanded by the wor kers. This led to a general strike that occurred at the end of May. The workers almost immediately, called on their government for arbitration. The government responded by constituting a commission of experts. This committee included Silva Hertzog, a famous oil nationalist, which demonstrated that Cà ¡rdenas was looking forward to a report that would prove unacceptable to the companies. Like was expected, the report made by the commission was provided an enormous accusation of the oil companies. The report concluded that major companies in the oil industry were foreign and that they had never at any time been connected to Mexico and thus their interests were largely foreign. It was reported that oil interests had in many times resulted in political influence both within and outside Mexico. These and many other points were challenged by the companies (Hart 1987, 549). Among the proposals made by the commission was the inclusion of the government as an equal partner in the oil indust ry; a proposal which was rejected. Interestingly, in 1936 and 1937, it was the government which was pushing for nationalization, however, in 1937/1938, the companies took a more aggressive stance. They determined to prove that the government could not handle the economic consequences of expropriation and could not also make proper use of the expropriated assets. By the end of 1937, Cà ¡rdenas’ determination for nationalization appeared to have withered down as he sought agreement with the companies (Rippy 1972, 66).[6] The expropriation When it appeared that the companies, not the president, were seeking confrontation, Cà ¡rdenas had no choice as evidenced in a speech he made on 24th, February, 1938. He accused the companies of abruptly repatriating funds and carrying out a publicity campaign to cause havoc among the businessmen. Apparent in his speech was the fact that these companies had once again raised the question concerning the sovereignty of Mexico (camp 2011, 128). Oil companies seems to have underestimated the importance of economic factors and instead concentrated on political factors because, although the Mexican economy was in chaos, Cardenas was popular and the length of time it had taken to nationalize the industry made it politically safe. When the move was made by the president, not a single soul opened his mouth. No one was there to save the companies and nothing less of a military invasion would have given them protection. The government of Cardenas received massive support never again witnessed in history (Philip 1982, 154). The government took full control of the industry as the public had remained reluctant to take up their half cake in such a risky industry. It can be argued that the oil companies led to their own death. Their ignorance was largely legendary and their loss of position was inevitable after USA became less willing to defend them every time they felt vulnerable. Their eventual stubbornness only worked to quicken na tionalization which was already in place. They never showed any willingness to respect Mexican sovereignty. There is not a single government that would stand international and diplomatic intervention in its attempts to alter regulations concerning her oil industry. To assert that the government of Cà ¡rdenas expropriated the oil companies not necessarily because it preferred confrontation to bargaining, but due to the fact that proper bargaining relationship did not exist would not be an understatement. PEMEX petroleum is born Nationalization meant that the government had the monopoly in exploration, production, refining, and distribution of oil and natural gas and other products. Oil companies pressed the US government to embargo imports from Mexico in a move that would discourage other states from following in its footsteps. In 1943, the Mexican government agreed to compensate oil companies with US$24m which was only a fraction of the book value of their expropriated assets. On t he other hand, Mexico was denied foreign capital and expertise for some time but the oil industry expanded at an alarming rate. Between 1938 and 1971, the oil industry grew at an annual rate of 6% with production increasing from a mere 44 million barrels in 1938 to 78 million barrels in 1951. By 1971, the production had risen to 177million barrels with domestic consumption exceeding production. Pemex continued exploring for oil and in 1975, production once again exceeded production. The trend has continued with new plans being put in place to increase petroleum exports, enhance competitiveness and increase regional development. Oil companies affected by the expropriation The decree of March 18, 1938 did not affect all the foreign oil companies in the in Mexico. Companies not involved in the labor difficulties were left to continue with business. The major companies expropriated included Mexican gulf, New England, International, transcontinental, and globe petroleum. In total, there were at least forty companies whose properties were expropriated (Gordon 2 1941 45). Although some companies were not expropriated, they still suffered as some were engaged in production and would sell the oil to bigger companies who transported and refined on their behalf. Following this dramatic move, these small companies had to cut down on production and only hoped that conditions would change for better. The Mexican gulf was among the unaffected companies which had the largest production. This company was also a big company in the US and did not have to sell oil to the expropriated companies. The reason Mexican gulf was not expropriated remains a mystery to date (Gordon 1941, 96).[7] Although Mexico handled the expropriation successfully than predicted, the main moral justification for expropriation never emerged. The government seems to have wanted larger profits more quickly than the companies could afford( BridRos 2009, 89). In the past three years oil production in Mexico h as plummeted twenty percent due to a lack of funding for drilling costs. The Mexican government is in so much debt they cannot afford to access the reserves that are under them and are too hard headed to allow foreign investors to drill. The current President of Mexico is Felipe Calderon and he realizes the problem Mexico is facing and tried to allow private businesses to develop refineries and pipelines in Mexico because that is one of the most expensive parts of the oil business. The Mexican Congress denied this proposal by President Calderon and they are still facing a major dilemma. Many foreign powerhouse oil companies such as BP, Conoco Phillips, Shell, Exxon Mobil, and others have tried to lobby for the rights to drill offshore in Mexico but the nationalists in Mexico won’t allow it. This problem is going to continue for Mexico until they finally extend basic mineral property rights to the citizens of Mexico. This will allow for private industries to get in on this mas sive oil reserve and not only help the Mexican economy but also help the global economy. But as of right now the Mexican government is holding a monopoly on the eighth largest oil reserve in the world and can’t even afford to tap into it. Conclusion A variety of reasons led to the rise of the Mexican revolution of 1910-20. The period witnessed several bloody revolutions that led to great loss of life and property. The promulgation of the constitution of 1917 had a large impact on the future of Mexico. The rise into power of Cardenas Lazaro marked yet another milestone in the history of Mexico. Cardenas finally expropriated foreign oil companies and nationalized the oil industry. The oil industry witnessed rapid growth in the initial years but the sailing has not been smooth al the way. Bibliography Brid, Juan Carlos, and Jaime Ros. Development and growth in the Mexican economy: a historical perspective. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2009. Brenner, Anita. The wind tha t swept Mexico.Texas: University of Texas Press, 1971. Camp, Roderic. Mexico: What Everyone Needs To Know? New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2011. GORDON, Wendell Chaffee. The Expropriation of Foreign-Owned Property in Mexico. By Wendell C. Gordon, etc. Mexico City: Ayer Publishing, 1941, 1941. Gonzales, Michael. The Mexican Revolution, 1910-1940. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2002. Gordon, Wendell Chaffee. The political economy of Latin America. New York: Columbia University Press, 1965. Hart, John. Revolutionary Mexico: the coming and process of the Mexican Revolution. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987. Jowett, Philip S., and Alejandro, Quesada. The Mexican Revolution, 1910-20. Oxford: Osprey, 2006. Kirkwood, Burton. The History of Mexico. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 2000. Krieger, Joel. The Oxford Companion to Politics of the World. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001. Meyer, Lorenzo. Mexico and the United States in the Oil Controv ersy, 1917-1942. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1977. Philip, George. Oil and Politics in Latin America: Nationalist Movements and State Companies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982. Rippy, Merrill. Oil and the Mexican Revolution. Leiden: Brill, 1972. Santiago, Myrna. The Ecology of Oil: Environment, Labor, and the Mexican Revolution, 1900-1938. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006. Stacy, Lee. Mexico and the United States. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1981. Footnotes Huerta was a seasoned career soldier Originally, this would have been after 50 years from the beginning of their operation. Oil was later found here The government’s reaction to this leak was halfhearted. Although these plans were not really implemented, foreign companies nonetheless felt an isolated lot He also softened his stance in other areas It is assumed that workers were given better pay This research paper on Nationalization of Mexico’s Oil and Gas Industry was written and submitted by user Gaige Winters to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Great Race Essay

The Great Race Essay The Great Race Essay The Great Race was well represented as usual at the annual swap meet and car show in Hershey, Pennsylvania, which is put on each year by the Hershey Region of the AACA. During the four-day event, more than two dozen current and former Great Racers came by the Great Race booth in the Chocolate Field. They included: Ted Stahl, Mary Stahl, Brian Lockwood, Howard Sharp, Doug Sharp, Sam Hanigrif, Ed Hurst, Brenda Hurst, Tabetha Hammer, David Coon, Buddy Green, Bill Green, Tom Littrell, Faye Littrell, John Hudson, Joe Kosloski, Buck Kamphausen, Josh Voss, Jonathan Klinger and Ed Tourje. Other members (volunteer staff and support) we saw included: Great Race tech guy David McAllister, Nicolle Girard from Hagerty, Jeff â€Å"Chewey† Chao from Hemmings and Carson â€Å"Shaggy† Cameron from Hemmings. We also saw a couple of our terrific sponsors, McKeel Hagerty from Hagerty, Bob Sellers from Reliable Carriers and Corky Coker from Coker Tire Company. Note: This is the final of a nine-part series of Great Race Director Jeff Stumb’s thoughts on each day on the 2015 Great Race route after returning from setting up the stops for next year’s event. The day everyone on the 2015 Great Race has been waiting will arriving on Sunday, June 28, when each participant will cross the finish line at the Santa Monica Pier at the end of Route 66. That morning will begin in San Bernardino, and after an early morning calibration the racers will rally for a couple of hours before heading to the coast. Note: This is the eighth of a

Why you should consider a reverse mentorship

Why you should consider a reverse mentorship If you’ve been in the workforce for a while, you’re more than likely familiar with the concept of internships and how they benefit both the interns and the companies they work for. For many of us, it’s a tested and time-honored rite of passage: when starting out in our chosen fields, we â€Å"pay our dues† by providing free or low cost assistance to a mentor or team who, in turn, teaches us the job and its responsibilities, as well as the industry we’re looking to break into. We got free work experience and exposure to the field (and with a little luck a job at the end of the process), and the company got low cost help. It’s a win-win setup. However, something new has been flying under the radar in more progressive companies that’s starting to get more widespread attention- reverse mentorships. No, this doesn’t entail middle-aged employees returning to the classroom to learn how to be students. Instead, it’s an intriguing concept that typically involves millennials- young adults who are at the beginning of their career paths- working alongside older individuals to, well, mentor them!Get built-in, on-the-job tech training.What could a seasoned and established individual who’s farther along in his or her career journey learn from someone who’s just starting out? Plenty, it turns out! Millennials typically have their fingers on the pulse of the latest and greatest in tech, and can help keep their older, â€Å"late to the game† counterparts up to date. No longer do industry veterans need to secretly pretend that they’re up on all the latest tech and fumble along through it, hoping that no one gets wise to their ineptitude- today, they can get shame-free coaching from a reverse mentor!Millennials also have a great handle on how to use tools like social media, audio, and video to capture the attention of the younger generation- a key demographic for a variety of industries, pro ducts, and advertisers- which is something that older adults tend to struggle with. So, if you’re clueless about using Twitter or Instagram effectively to promote your business, a reverse mentor can help you see the light!Learn how to reach out to younger demographics.These days, it isn’t uncommon for companies to hire younger adults (and individuals even younger) to help them strategize their marketing campaigns targeted at this fickle and easily distracted age group. Sure, older adults can spend their time and effort guessing at what seems young and fresh, but today’s younger generation is very good at spotting phonies and pretenders, and turning away when they encounter something that sets off their disingenuous alarms. Who better to provide ideas for grabbing the attention of younger consumers than those closest to the age demographic?Strategize how to attract fresh talent.Reverse mentors can also help companies stay fresh and adopt progressive strategies fo r attracting and retaining a new generation of employees, and can even offer fresh perspectives on the industries they’re focused in. Younger individuals also usually have an abundance of creative new ideas that can help businesses stand out from their static, slower-moving competition- a valuable resource, indeed.Despite the seemingly obvious advantages to having a reverse mentor, the idea does have its critics. Some people feel like reverse mentoring only feeds the egos and sense of entitlement that the younger generation has become infamous for having. They also claim that it’s an unnecessary and irresponsible way to destroy the standard chain of respect and authority that traditional business are used to operating in.However, there is a growing consensus that both older and younger generations have something to learn from the other side, and that the most effective mentorship arrangement would allow each side to share its perspective, knowledge, and experience with the other, to the benefit of everyone involved. So, regardless of what side of the mentorship coin you’re on, consider taking advantage of a reverse mentorship arrangement to help you achieve your goals!

Strategic forecasting in support of proactive engagement Responding to Essay

Strategic forecasting in support of proactive engagement Responding to uncertainty in Somalia - Essay Example Much as the western civilization is so prolific in the accumulation of economic prowess it no doubt that the civilization is condemned by itself. Crisis prevention, conflict transformation and peace-building should be at the centre stage in Somalia. The world at large should come out clear to fight this crisis. Restoration of sanity in Somalia should borrow a leaflet from post-conflict countries, where all warring factions. To this end, it is taken into account, for instance, that all population groups must have equal access to inputs, and every effort is made to ensure that the weaker party to the conflict is not disadvantaged. The need for a comprehensive strategy is needed with all the urgency. War is simply a disease of the body politics; a pathological condition which can be traced to abnormalities in the social or economic structures or to the racial characteristics of particular peoples. Historians on the other hand do not discuss war from the aspect of good or evil normality or abnormality, health or disease. For them it is simply the use of violence by states for enforcement, the protection or extension of their political power. War in Somalia has left an estimated 400,000 Somali's displaced since the (IFG) backed by the Ethiopian army entered Mogadishu last December to eject Islamic courts union (ICU) The UNHCR estimate 124,000 people have fled Mogadishu since Feb. 2004 while 73,000 are reported to have left capital Mogadishu. 1.2 Definition of the Anomaly. Conflicts in Africa date back to 1884 when the continent was balkanized into colonies by European powers. The state, in trying to assist to bring order amid disorder, merely adds another dimension to the conflict. External actors to a conflict should be identified and brought to participate in the conflict resolution. The mind must be decolonized so that conflict resolution and peace building and dialogue can be regionalized and, where appropriate globalize. Early warning responding units involving CSO, up to the community level, should be in a position to soften the edges between groups. This includes suggesting other ways of resolving issues that recourse to arms. There is need to study the countries success stories. In cases where there is internalization of conflict international actors are quick to respond to bring peace to the area. Consideration, therefore ought to be given to the internationalization of peace building process. The presence of the UN force and the Ethiopian military occupation is a reflection of a political hostility. However, this is to be blamed on external forces reverberating waves of fear in the Nation of Somalia, consequently, it is futile to try to regulate or reduce military forces separately from their underlying political issues. Basically hostility should be resolved, through the reduction in arms. This will bring sanity and a sense of security among residents. To attempt control of military forces before removing the political sources of friction or threat is to put the cart before the horse. 1.3 Rationale. The basic point should be stressed again no arms-control plaint will remain effective and dependable unless it continues to serve the national interest of Somalia and its warring factions as its leaders conceive those interest. In reaching their judgments they would however appraise the alternatives. The main function of inspection and of remedies available to the other parties is to make

Chevy Silverado advertisement, Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Chevy Silverado advertisement, - Essay Example Luther king Jnr in the commercial as the theme song progresses with the words â€Å"I believe there is a dream for everyone† is aimed at provoking the mind of the potential customer that the Silverado is their dream car. It is also a car for the entire American population; black or white. The use of the images of Armstrong on the moon shows it can be viewed as a truck of prestige. The landing of man on the moon was a prestigious occasion for America. The technology involved in doing it could also suggest that the Chevy is a technologically advanced truck. There are images of the hurricane’s devastating effects with an older make of the Chevy being used for the reconstruction. This portrays the Chevy brand as reliable trucks. The three historical events have all brought the American people together. It could be in different fronts but their happening has brought a sense of unity to the country. The Martin Luther King brought the fight for civil rights and won the fight against racial segregation. This united the American races. The landing on the moon for the first time also brought Americans together in pride. The hurricanes that have devastated the people of America have also seen the country unite in agony and gloom. The larger picture is that the car is a unifying factor. They show the Silverado as a car with rich history and indispensible value. Chevy has used these events in their commercial effectively but not accurately. If the events were to compel the buyers, they should have had more emphasis laid on them. The events should have been played slowly. The commercial is very fast paced and has a very busy theme with so many clips flashing by. However, the average American should understand the context. Apart from the used historical events, Chevy could have considered the use of the bombing of the W.T.O. It would have portrayed the vehicle as a strong truck against the background of the falling houses. This would not be any different from the Hurricane

Parallel Between Romeo and Juliette and Shakespeare in Love :: Free Romeo and Juliet Essays

During the part of Shakespeare’s life portrayed in Shakespeare in Love, he is writing the play Romeo an Juliet. He based his play on the things that happened to him during that time and therefore there are many comparable between the two films. Shakespeare had fallen in love with Viola, a royalty, but the fact that he was already married and very poor prevented him from marrying the rich Viola. Romeo was a Montaque and Juliet a Capulet. Because of the feud between the two families, Romeo and Juliet were not able to marry as well. Furthermore Viola’s father signed a sealed contract with Lord Wessex, promising Viola to him as wife so that they could have titled offspring. In Romeo and Juliet, Juliet’s father had also signed a contract with Paris and Juliet had to marry him. Lord Wessex had threatened to kill Shakespeare and, protecting himself, Shakespeare said his name was Christopher Marlow, his friend. Later on Marlow was killed and Shakespeare felt responsible. In Romeo and Juliet Romeo’s best friend, Mercutio is killed because he defended Romeo’s name. Shakespeare and Viola only made eye contact once during a play and later, when she was disguised as a boy, she played the leading role in his play and he was attracted to her, but he did not know it was her until much later. Romeo and Juliet fell in love at a mask-ball, therefore also unaware of each other’s identities at the time. Only later they discovered that they were from different families. In both films the nurse of Juliet and Viola respectively, served as go-betweens and knew everything about the secret relationships. Viola’s nurse stood watch at the door when Viola and Shakespeare were making love, Juliet’s nurse stood guard at the door when Romeo and Juliet were married in secret. In the beginning of the film Shakespeare is in a state because he needed a muse to be able to write and was involved with a Rosalyn, thinking she might help him restore his ability to write.

Ice Wine Research Paper Essay

Wine is known to be an extremely versatile and malleable food source. It has the ability to please both the palette as well as the intellect. There are countless varietals of wine, including the ever exotic Eiswein, or as it is more commonly known as Ice Wine. The production of Ice Wine requires very specific parameters. So much so that it cannot be produced in most countries. Only some of the coldest climates can yield Ice Wine. Two of which are Canada and Germany. These two produce about 75 percent of the entire world’s Ice Wine. (What is the history of Ice Wine wine). Ice Wine has a long history. The first mentioning of Ice Wine can date back to the Roman times. These reports have stated that there were certain grapes that could not be harvested before the frost has taken hold of them. Many believe the first post-Roman Ice Wine was created in Franconia, Germany in 1794. Although much of these reports are tentative, seeing as a lot of the documentation has been lost to time. The most accurate depiction of the history of Ice Wine would be from Dromersheim to Bingen in Rheinhessen on February 11, 1830. (What is the History of Ice Wine wine?) The grapes were left hanging on vines for use as animal feed. Upon the arrival of the frost it was discovered that these grapes yielded a very sweet must. Must or young wine is freshly pressed essence of fruit that contains skins, seeds, and stems of the fruit. Must is an essential part of the preliminary steps in winemaking. Once this must was pressed some of the first documented Ice Wines were produced. Once the invention of the pneumatic bladder occurred Germany Ice Wines grew in popularity. They were eventually being produced on a semi-mass production level in 1961. Karl Kaiser a co-owner of the winery known as Inniskillin was seeking to create his own Canadian version of the Ice Wine. He along with fellow neighbor Ewald Reif left grapes on their vines in an attempt to produce the highly sought after treat. The result was a tragic loss of the entire harvest of grapes. In 1984 Kaiser decided to use a new tactic for cultivating the frosty grapes. He draped a net over his vines and produced Inniskillin’s first Ice wine. Being made from Vidal grapes this wine was labeled Eiswein. This kick started the production of Eiswein from a commercial standpoint. It increasingly grew in popularity among the locals of Canada. Pretty soon everyone was attempting their hand at production of it. †International breakthrough of Canadian ice wine came in 1991, when Inniskillin’s 1989 Vidal ice wine won the Grand Prix d’Honneur at Vinexpo. The Canadian trend towards increased cultivation of Vitis Vinifera grape varieties in the 1990s expanded the palette of varieties available to be bitten by frost. † (What is the History of Wine Making? ) The official snag of first place was taken by Canada in the early 2000s. The production of Eiswein in Germany had started to rapidly slow down, thus allowing Canada to take the spot for the number one producer of Ice Wine in the Entire world. The production of Ice wine demands a variety of variables. One of which is the climate. In order for it to be properly produced the climate must be perfect for the specifications the grapes require. It cannot be frigid cold, but it cannot be too hot either. It needs to be cold enough to keep a frost, but still warm enough that the grapes are not rotted from the cold. â€Å"Officially, ice-wine grapes can only be harvested when frozen solid. Ontario’s Vintners Quality Alliance says it has to be -8  °C or below, while the world’s official wine body, the International Office of Vine and Wine (OIV), stipulates -7  °C or below. Both are adamant that grapes have to be frozen naturally, out of doors and on the vine. † (â€Å"Extreme winemaking† 54). This causes for some unusual picking conditions. Many times the grapes have to be harvested at night, and pressed in an area that has little heat whatsoever. Most winemakers obsessively watch the weather, waiting for that special moment where the temperature plummets to -9  °C and remains there. Once this has happened they must act quickly to salvage the grapes. Since the grapes are frozen it generally requires much more of them to produce a sufficient amount of Ice wine in comparison to how many it takes for regular wine to be produced. It is imperative that the temperature is low, it is crucial to the sweetness of the wine. As the temperature of the grape decreases the sugar content rises. By regulation, ice-wine grapes must have a minimum sugar content of 35 ° Brix — that’s 35 grams of sugar in every 100 grams of grape juice. A table-wine grape, by contrast, might rate at only 20 ° Brix. At -8 â€Å"C, the grapes will usually be sweet enough. Below -13  °C you can’t get any juice out of them at all (â€Å"Extreme winemaking† 55). Many vineyards process their Ice Wine harvest differently. Some will just haul the pressed grapes outdoors, while others will open the doors to their pressing plant and let the cold air keep the grapes chilled. Timing is another crucial factor; the grapes have to be pressed on the spot. This ensures the juice is thick and sweet. â€Å"It takes much higher pressure — about 6 bar as compared to the normal 1. 5 to 2 — to crush frozen grapes â€Å" (â€Å"Extreme winemaking† 55). Since the grapes yield such a high sugar level it makes it difficult to properly ferment the yeast. So whereas a table wine takes roughly a week to ferment, ice wine takes from two to six months (â€Å"Extreme winemaking, 55). Ice wine can be achieved in two ways. The first is the result of naturally freezing and crushing the grapes. The other is using the method of artificial freezing known as cryoextraction (Diwinetaste). In Canada cryoextraction is forbidden by law to be used. However, in the USA, in order to produce Ice wines this is the method that is most desirable. Due to the restrictions of the climate, Ice wine is notable for its intense variation of flavors compared to normally processed wine. It tends to be extremely sweet and presents an apricot to peach fruitiness when it comes to the aroma. Many would classify Ice Wine as liquefied gold, the tedious circumstances that are required to make Ice wine attribute to the overall price of the product. Half a bottle is generally $40. Ice wine has quite an extensive history. Canada started out being the second best producer of this highly sought after commodity. Shortly they surpassed Germany, and to this day still produce the extremely versatile, but challenging wine. Its requirement for specific temperatures keeps it a pleasant, but rare treat. What with its pleasant mouth feel, to the richness of its fruity undergo, it is highly speculated that this wine will most likely never be surpassed in its complexity and originality.

Sports Parents Are The Backbone Of Their Kid s Life

Kareem Sanders Hour 3 Ms. Terry AP Literature Sports Parents Sports parents are the backbone of their kid’s life when it comes to sports. They are supportive, being the team Mom or Dad by bringing snacks for the children after they perform in the game. Sports parents are the biggest fans for the athlete. No matter if they are winning by a large margin or losing by a large margin they should be there after the games to always tell them â€Å"keep your head up, and get prepared for the next game, leave this one in the past†. Being a sports parent isn’t easy at all, it takes a lot of hard work and dedication for it to be a positive effect at the end of the day. For it to work the parent is going to make sacrifices that they don’t want to but whatever it takes to make the child happy and perform to his/hers highest level of play the children are going to appreciate you for everything you did when didn’t have to do it. Participation is the biggest part as being a sports parent. Usually, the parents of the children would get together and do fundraisers, making sure the athletes have everything they need for the sport they are playing. Example: for football; cleats, gloves, girdle, mouth piece, chin strap, socks and whatever else needs to be purchased. Also, the parents could hold a banquet for the student-athlete after the season to celebrate their performance they had. Giving out certificates, trophies, medals or any other accolades. The coaches can make some remarks on the seasonShow MoreRelatedSocial Class Is The Backbone Of American Society Essay1602 Words   |  7 Pagesgenerated divisions in our society. Unfortunately, social class has become the backbone of American society, where being upper-class gives people an advantage and a controlling position in the United States. 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