A Career As A Special Agent Essay - 783 Words

A career as a special agent right after college graduation investigating arson, explosives, firearms alcohol and tobacco, may sound far-fetched, but a presentation to students on Sept. 27 from the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, ATF for short, was there to prove otherwise. The CSU-Pueblo Career Center was initially contacted back in the spring by the ATF on doing a presentation, but timing did not work out until recently. â€Å"We do a lot of work in Pueblo. We all know Pueblo is struggling with some violent crime issues right now so getting people interested who are from these areas and who know the issues, we saw a great benefit,† said Lisa Meiman, Public Information Officer and recruiter for the ATF Denver Field Division. Recent college graduates are in very high demand for ATF agent recruitment, she explained. Seven students with majors ranging from criminology and homeland security to marketing attended this event to learn about career opportunities with ATF. â€Å"We do hire a lot of former law enforcement and students straight out of college. I can tell you from personal experience it doesn’t make a difference. People that have never been in law enforcement are phenomenal agents. It all really comes down to what you make of it,† said Special Agent, Rennie Mora, who has been an ATF agent for 12 years and is certified in explosive technologies. Although ATF is the smallest federal law enforcement agency, half the size of the Drug Enforcement AdministrationShow MoreRelatedSo You Want to Be a Federal Agent Essay1159 Words   |  5 Pagesfederal, state, municipal, and international agencies and partners† (â€Å"Quick Facts†). There are many different qualifications and requirements to become an FBI Special Agent but the salary and career outlook make them worth it. Federal Agents have many duties and can specialize in a vast array of different areas. â€Å"As an FBI Special Agent you may work on issues the encompass terrorism, foreign counterintelligence, organized crime, extortion, kidnapping, whit-collar crime, public corruption, civilRead MoreHistory of the Fbi and Women1574 Words   |  7 Pages1924, he inherited two female agents: Jessie B. Duckstein and Alaska P. Davidson, who both resigned within a few months as part of the Bureau’s reduction of force. In 1972, JoAnne Misko and Susan Malone were the first two women to enter the FBI Academy. In 1978, Special Agent Christine Karpoch (Jung) would become the first female firearms instructor—and she would shoot the coveted â€Å"possible,† a perfect score on the FBI’s Practical Pistol Range. In 1990, Special Agents Susan Sprengel and Helen BachorRead MoreFederal Bureau Of Investigation Agent Essay907 Words   |  4 Pages(FBI Agent) Associate Dean once said â€Å"It just dispelled all of the bad things I’d ever heard about the FBI†¦ that the FBI was sneaky and out to get people.† The career of the FBI is a remarkable and exciting career, because of the endless possibility of helping the world get better in any kind of way . The research will describe the career of Federal Bureau of Investigation , what is required to become a Federal Bureau of Investigation agent a successful career and the impact this career has onRead MoreFederal Bureau Of Investigation Agent Essay922 Words   |  4 Pagesthe FBI was sneaky and out to get people.† The career of the FBI is a remarkable and exciting career, because of the endless possibility of helping the world get better in any kind of way . The research will describe the career of Federal Bureau of Investigation , what is required to become a Federal Bureau of Investigation agent a successful career and the impact this career has on has on so ciety. The Federal Bureau of Investigation hires an agent to act as the lead investigators in the UnitedRead MoreSpecial Agents1024 Words   |  5 PagesSpecial Agents The career I would like to pursue is in the criminal justice field. I can see myself being a special agent or a criminal investigator. A special agent and a criminal investigator will prepare reports that detail investigation findings. They also obtain and verify evidence by interviewing and observing suspects and witnesses or by analyzing records. They may identify case issues and evidence needed, based on analysis of charges, complaints, or allegations of law violations. AlsoRead MoreThe Importance Of Being A Dea Agent1077 Words   |  5 Pagesto become a DEA Agent, a rigorous hiring process is needed to ensure only qualified applicants become part of the country’s elite drug-fighting team. The first step would be to meet with a recruiter. To join the DEA, a bachelor’s degree and/or experience related to the field is the first requirement (The United States Department of Justice: Careers). After this is met, one can contact their local recruiter and apply through th em. Once the application is completed, a Special Agent Applicant OrientationRead MoreThe Fbi Essay1683 Words   |  7 Pageshistory, employee statistics, what it takes to become an agent, what crimes the FBI investigates, and other important facts. First, what is the FBI and what do they do? The FBI is a federal law enforcement agency created in 1905 that addresses and investigates major crimes where the fugitive or fugitives have cross state borders or fled the jurisdiction of the United States. When first open, the FBI had no name and was just known as a â€Å"special agent force.† The future of what is known today as theRead MoreHoteler Essay996 Words   |  4 PagesBooking with us means the best guaranteed rates, earning reward miles and free Wi-Fi. We offer special on booking early, seasonal savings. We have designed our hotels to be put in the right place. Enjoy the city views of Toronto, Paris, London, Tokyo all at your door step. Connect with us through Facebook, Twitter, and our website yourplacehotelier.com. We look forward to having you stay with us. Special offers This October, reserve a booking at any of our Hotels by October 31, 2017 and save up toRead MoreThe Importance Of Being A Federal Bureau Inves tigator1306 Words   |  6 Pagesrecords, court clerk records, and corporate documents, may include interviewing sources, neighbors or opponents in litigation. If that person has a goal to become a special agent in the bureau then they must have a four year college degree and at least three years of work experience in that major. The responsibilities into becoming an agent is that they would investigate in many forms of investigations in over two hundred categories of violations relating to national security and federal law. The tasksRead MoreThe United States Secret Service1112 Words   |  5 Pagesand other crimes that affect federal financial institutions. The United States Attorney’s Office and the Secret Service work closely together as well in protective and investigation matters (FAQs. (n.d.). To even be considered for Secret Service Agent you must be a U.S Citizen. Twenty one years of age at the time of the application and younger than thirty seven at the time the job offer is made to you. If you’re a veteran you must be at least twenty one years of age as well as and younger than forty

Abortion Pro Choice And Pro Life Essay - 1224 Words

Abortion Issue in the United States (Section 1) Abortion is one of the most controversial issues in America that is centered between advocates that are pro-choice and pro-life. Intentional miscarriages occur when a women induces the termination of a human during pregnancy, the procedure happens during the first 28 weeks of pregnancy. Pro-life and pro-choice advocates differ in many of their opinions, over the years the government has been trying to deal with the problem/issue, and now there are possible solutions to the issue. This practice has been around for thousands of years, it dates back as far as the fourteenth century BCE, during this time women who induced the procedure were impaled on a stake and left to die. The issue has been an immense controversy for centuries, the Christian church claimed the procedure as a sin during the first century, Saint Augustine attempted to convince the people that the fetus does not have a soul until it is born (Kaplan). Today abortion is a heavily debated topic among advocates that are pro-choice and protesters that are pro-life. Anyone who self-identifies to be pro-choice, believes that abortion should be legalized, they claim that the mother should have the choice to terminate the fetus since she is in control of her own body. In 2004 the Guttmacher Institue surveyed women who successfully had abortions, seventy-five said that having a baby would interfere with work or going to school, and couldn’t afford a child (Kaplan). Half ofShow MoreRelatedAbortion : Pro Life And Pro Choice1719 Words   |  7 PagesAbortion: Pro-Life and Pro-Choice â€Å"I have also said that anyone who doesn t feel sure whether we are talking about a second human life should clearly give life the benefit of the doubt. If you don t know whether a body is alive or dead, you would never bury it.† That was just one quote said by Ronald Reagan on the topic of abortion. He also said, â€Å"I ve noticed that everyone who is for abortion has already been born.† Many people, like Reagan once was, are against abortion and believe that it isRead MoreAbortion: Pro-Life and Pro-Choice694 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Pro-choice abortion Man was born with an inalienable aspect of choice and it is with this aspect that the person will die holding to, indeed, at individual levels people have even the choice between living and death and can decided to end their lives even without informing anyone about it. For long the issue of abortion has attracted a lot of attention and there should be lasting stands take towards the whole aspect of pro-life or pro-choice abortion. My personal stand is that the pro-choiceRead MoreAbortion, Pro Choice, And Pro Life1503 Words   |  7 Pagescontroversial topics in America is abortion. In medical terms, â€Å"an abortion is the premature exit of the products of conception (the fetus, fetal membranes, and placenta) from the uterus† (Medicine Net). All around the world, the practice of abortions has been widely used to control a woman’s reproduction. The polarizing, emotional debate on abortion has been an ongoing issue that still exists today. People’s different perspectives and opinion on whether or not abortion is immoral continue to divide AmericaRead MoreAbortion : Pro Life Or Pro Choice?2491 Words   |  10 Pagesbeen many debates about abortion since the middle of the 1800’s, it is still a large problem in current ti mes do to the question regarding women’s equality and freedom under the topic of abortion: pro-life or pro-choice? There have been many restrictions put on abortion clinics and doctors recently in attempts to put abortion clinics out of business, ultimately ending abortion in some areas and states. Many women, such as poor and minorities, are unable to get an abortion due to the location of theRead MoreAbortion : Pro Life And Pro Choice Essay1829 Words   |  8 Pages Abortions Abortions are one of the many things that everyone has an opinion on. As defined by the 2012 Merriam-Webster dictionary, an Encyclopedia Britannica Company, an abortion is, â€Å"the termination of a pregnancy after, accompanied by, resulting in, or closely followed by the death of the embryo or fetus as a spontaneous expulsion of a human fetus during the first 12 weeks of gestation--miscarriageRead MoreAbortion : Pro Life Or Pro Choice1040 Words   |  5 PagesAbortion is a controversial topic in the world’s culture today. There are two major stances concerning abortion: pro-life or pro-choice. If an individual is pro-life, she recognizes that a baby is a human in the womb and wants to protect the life of the baby. If an individual is pro-choice, she believes the baby in the womb is not alive and the mother has the right to do away with the fetus. Each view has a value judgment on the topic of abortion. A value judgment is a judgment someone makes on theRead MoreAbortion : Pro Life And Pro Choice1282 Words   |  6 PagesAbortions are one of the countless subjects that every person has an interpretation about. As defined by the 2012 Merriam-Webster dictionary, an abortion is, â€Å"the conclusion of a pregnancy after, accompanied by, succeeding in, or closely shadowed by the passing of the embryo or fetus as a natural removal of a human fetu s during the first 12 weeks of gestation also known as a miscarriage, the tempted exclusion of a human fetus, or the dismissal of a fetus by a local animal often due to infection atRead MoreAbortion : Pro Life And Pro Choice971 Words   |  4 Pagestiny human or just a fetus? According to Webster Dictionary, abortion is â€Å"the termination of a pregnancy after, accompanied by, resulting in, or closely followed by the death of the embryo or fetus†. There are two sides when it comes to abortion: pro-life and pro-choice. Pro-life supporters are usually religious individuals, individuals who believe it is a kind of murder, and/or people who believe in the sanctity of life. Pro-choice supporters are normally individuals who believe a woman has theRead MoreAbortion : Pro Choice Or Pro Life Essay1492 Words   |  6 Pages The topic of abortion is a highly controversial discussion that has been prominent in the debates of morals and politics for decades. Most people agree that on the topic of abortion, it is like a black and white fallacy, which is an issue that only has two options. For example, a black and white and fallacy is that a person can either be a Republican or Democrat, there is no other option. In the discussion of abortion, the black and white fallacy is either pro-choice or pro-life. Despite this commonlyRead MoreAbortion : Pro Life And Pro Choice983 Words   |  4 PagesAbortion has been a heated debate in the United States for decades. Since before the ruling on Roe v. Wade, it is clear that this is an issue that is far from ever being decided upon. Between those who are pro-life and those who are pro-choice, scholars from both sides work on disproving the morality of the other side. With the evolution of abortion laws and regulation through the decades, it is difficult to imagine the United States without conflict pertaining to abortion. Despite pro-life and pro-choice

Intro to humanities test Free Essays

Which term describes the line of kings under Charlemagne? Carolingian 2. ) During the High Middle Ages, the most important center for education became the University of Paris. True 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Intro to humanities test or any similar topic only for you Order Now ) Relics were sacred religious items that became an important aspect of spiritual and economic tradition for the Church. True 4. ) Which artist is credited as being responsible for bridging the gap between the Byzantine and Renaissance styles? Ghetto 5. ) Charles the Great created a system of education known as: The 5 says 6. The Haggis Sophia is the holy site where Charles the Great was crowned. False 7. ) The Great Schism began with the election of Pope Charlemagne. False 8. ) Who was the most influential Scholastic philosopher, influenced by Aristotle philosophy? 9. ) â€Å"Exodus† refers to the Old Testament story of Moses and literally means: going out 10. ) The Great Schism was a war between England and France, primarily about land disputes, which lasted for 116 years. False 1 1 . Patriarch was the author of both the Secretes and Canterbury Tales. False 12. ) The â€Å"Summary Theological† was written by which author? Aquinas 13. ) Dante was the author of which of the following? (select all that apply) Inferno, Divine Comedy, Paradises 14. ) The New Testament Greek term for â€Å"one who is anointed† Is â€Å"Christ. † True 15. ) Which of the following are examples of early Christian symbols/imagery? (select all that apply) Fish, Anchor, Olive branch 16. The Rule of Saint Benedict was established to regulate: the papacy 17. ) Chartres, Salisbury, and Notre Dame are examples of Gothic cathedrals. True 18. ) The Abbey of Saint Denis Is considered the first example of Gothic architecture True 19. ) Which of the following are examples of literary figures from the Middle Ages? Chauncey, Dante, Bursars 20. ) Which of the following are examples of Gothic architecture? Pointed arches, gargoyles, flying buttresses, stained glass How to cite Intro to humanities test, Papers

The Break-In free essay sample

Watching television and laughing with my friend Cara while in my parents’ room, I thought it seemed to be a good night. The day had been long, and we were exhausted, having sore feet from shopping earlier that day. Suddenly, and out of nowhere the loud screeching of the burglar alarm sounded the house. No longer was I thinking of sleep or the aches in my feet, but the fear of what was to come next. My mom stumbled into the room with my sister, and somehow built the strength to move the enormously heavy dresser over the door.Cara and I, realizing this was not a joke, became scared for all of our lives. At that exact moment, I never thought I would overcome the newly developed fear of burglary. The intensity in the room rose as I heard my dog barking from downstairs. My sister grabbed the home phone with her shaking hand. We will write a custom essay sample on The Break-In or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She dialed 911. The nervous tension in my body was released by pulling my loose baby tooth out. My mom, panicking, called my Dad to come home from work. Cara and I lay still in the bed unable to show emotion in our faces because of the shock. We all heard noises throughout the time of the event which slowly came to a minimum. Sitting in the room, I had so much time for unwelcoming thoughts to race through my mind. I began thinking about how dangerous and life threatening this really was. I felt as though I wouldn’t ever overcome this daring night. At last the police arrived, and begun searching around the house for clues of the invasion or to actually find the invader his/herself. The intensity in the air was still upon us. We hadn’t known whether the invader had a gun or not. What was the invader capable of doing? After a while of waiting, the cop said it was safe to come downstairs. He then told us, â€Å"I have yet to see anyone; however the alarm and the police car probably scared him/her off.† â€Å"Thank you officer,† my mom replied, letting him out the door. The rest of the night none of us could sleep. My dad entered into the house with a concerned and worried facial expression. He then went right to telling us how he saw a figure which looked like a man cloaked in all black clothing, lurking the neighborhood on his way home. The chills rushed through my arms and down my back. I felt as though I was not safe anywhere and I couldn’t ever forget the moment and how I felt in that time. Everything around me seemed unable to protect me. If the cop couldn’t put him behind bars, who could? I could see the goose bumps on Cara’s arms as well. Her eyes grew big and her face turned pale like she saw a ghost. I tried to cope with the idea that these types of things happen, but it was all too much for me. I tried talking myself into realizing he probably wouldn’t be back, whoever it was. Maybe there wasn’t anybody after all. Sadly, no matter how hard I tried to think on the positive side; the fear kept creeping ba ck into my mind; whispering to me terrible ideas which made me feel unsafe and scared. I thought I’d never overcome this moment in my life which turned into an obstacle for me to lunge over. I had this fear of sleeping at night without my dad home. I had this fear of no protection. I had this fear of always worrying what the future holds. I had this fear of life in general.I was always watching the alarm at night waiting for the green button to turn red, and make this uninvited sound of what seemed like a never ending scream of terror. However, later in that week I had talked to my mom about it. She had taught me that in order to overcome this fear I had to face the assumption that bad things happen, and I can’t let it get in the way of how I live. I realized I couldn’t live like that anymore. Life is far too fragile to live in fear of what was to come next.

Denmark Vessy Revolt Essays - American Slaves, Slavery,

Denmark Vessy Revolt Denmark, Vessy, Revolt 1. Question: How to Denmark come to this country and why was he free? Denmark came from Africa and was a slave on a ship. He played a role as a cabin boy and soon became a rower. After that he won a lottery of $1500 in the town of Charleston. What he did with his money was ask his master if he could buy his freedom. His master soon said what do you think you are worth? Denmark replied, I dont know, that is your decision. His master said that he could buy his freedom for the amount of $600. Right then and there Denmark realized that his master had just done him a huge favor, because now he could buy his wife as well. 2. Question: What set Denmark apart from other slaves in the film? What made Denmark different from the other slaves was the fact that he was free. The other slaves were working on command and Denmark was working on his own will but even though he was free he was still treated with the same respect which was none. 3. Question: Identify at least 3 characters and what role they played? Denmark. Denmark was a free man who had this plan to escape back to Africa. He is very brave and wants his respect. Backus. Backus always did what he was told and always respected his master. He always thought that his master treated him well. It wasnt until Denmark invited him to join up with his plan. Backus had said no because he didnt want to because his master was good to him but then he realized that it wasnt right. If a white man used a black man for slavery, if God created them both. Benjamin. Benjamin was Backuss master. When Backus was accused of being a part in a plan to escape back to Africa he didnt want to believe it but only because he had thought he treated him like a son. 4. Question: Describe Denmarks plan? Denmarks plan was to start a fire down in the field in the plantation and then when the whites came to put the fire out the slaves would kill the whites. Afterwards they would gather all the slaves from the plantation and load up onto a ship in the nearby harbor and sail back to Africa. 4A. Why didnt the plan work? The plan didnt work because one of the members of the plan had told another black slave who thought it was wrong to kill the whites. That black slave had gone to his master and told him quietly that Denmark was leading a plan to kill the whites and sail back to Africa. His master went quickly to the governor and told him about the slaves secret plan. 4B. What could he have done to protect his plan more? When Denmark made the members of the plan swear on their lives not to tell a white they should have also told but not to tell any other blacks, which would have prevented the whites from finding out. 5. Question: At first Backus was hesitant about getting involved with the plan but by the end that changes dramatically, explain. In the beginning Backus thought it was wrong to disobey his master when he had treated him well. When Denmark had explained that God had created both of them and they were both equal, Backus realized that it was unfair and wrong what his master was doing to him when they were both the same. In the end Backus had wanted his freedom so badly that he would kill for it. 6. Question: Select any quote you found important in the film and comment on it. When Denmark said to Backus arent you just as good since God made us both? Of course, I knew he was right. If God made one black man with two legs, two arms, and one head and made white man with two legs, two arms and one head that would make them both the same. Denmarks last words was you showed them how to live like a man lets show them how to die like a man I think Denmark meant they

French Introductions, or Les Présentations

French Introductions, or Les Prà ©sentations When you meet French speakers, you need to know how to introduce yourself and what to say when you are introduced.  French can be a bit tricky when introducing yourself or others depending on whether you know the person to whom you are making the introduction(s) or even if you have had any contact with the person. In French, those circumstances all require different introductions. Basic Introductions French uses the verb  se prà ©senter, not  introduire,  meaning to introduce something into something else, which translates into English as to insert. The most basic introduction in French, then, would be: Je me prà ©sente. Let me introduce myself. Using s’appeler is the common way of introducing yourself in French. Don’t think of it as â€Å"to name oneself† because it will only confuse you. Think of it in the context of introducing your name to someone, and link the French words to that context instead of applying a literal translation, as in: Je m​appelle...   My name is... Use je suis with people who already know your name, such as those  you have already talked to on the phone or by mail but never met in person, as in: Je suis...   I am... If you dont know the person or have never spoken to him on the phone or contacted him by email or  mail, use  je m’appelle,  as noted previously. Introducing by Name There are also distinctions between formal and informal introductions, as well as singular versus plural introductions, as noted in the tables in this and the subsequent section. French Introduction English Translation Mon prà ©nom est My (first) name is Je vous prà ©sente (formal and/or plural) I’d like to introduce Je te prà ©sente (informal) I'd like to introduce Voici This is, Here is Il s'appelle His name is Elle s'appelle Her name is Meeting People In French, when you are meeting people, you have to be careful about using the correct gender, as well as whether the introduction is formal or informal, as in these examples. French Introduction Enlish Translation Comment vous appelez-vous? (formal and/or plural) What is your name? Comment t'appelles-tu? (informal) What is your name? Enchantà ©. (masculine) It's nice to meet you. Enchantà ©e. (feminine) It's nice to meet you. French Names Nicknames - or  un surnom in French - are much less common in this Romance language than in American English, but they are not unheard of. Often, a longer first name will be shortened, such as  Caro  for Caroline or  Flo  for Florence.   French Name English Translation Le prà ©nom first name, given name Le nom last name, family name, surname Le surnom nickname Cheek Kissing and Other Greetings Cheek kissing  is certainly an accepted form of greeting in France, but there are strict  (unwritten) social rules to follow. Cheek kissing is generally OK, for example, but not hugging. So, its important to learn not only the words that go with cheek kissing - such as  bonjour  (hello) - but also the social norms that are expected when greeting someone in this manner. There are also other ways to say  hello  and ask  How are you?  in French.

Business Process Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Business Process Management - Assignment Example Excellent performance is a key for business success and Companies that are highly competent, set themselves apart from other firms by focusing on constant performance improvement. Some frameworks that are proposed by business project management for performance measurement are (Kellen, 2003): The Balanced Scored Card: This is the most utilized framework and had greater adaption. Balanced scored card is used to measure the things that are related to the organization’s strategy and important for logistic company. It is broken in four sections that are as follow (DHL, 2008): Activity Based Costing: Through activity-based cost, the allocation of overhead is done according to an individual customer or product instead of the allocation of overhead on overall products. Activity based costing link the cost to the sources that are being used to provide a particular service within an organization. In such ways, the flow of expenses run from resources to activities and leads to the most demanded services. In this way organization, become able to have detailed analysis of activities that are profitable and providing excess revenue to the organization as compare to their cost. This strategy is the part of the company from 1988 (BJH, n.d.). Economic Value Added: Economic value added is a measure of financial performance. The EVA is linked with the formulation of overtime and the value of shareholders. The usage of this method is done as the motivation plane of managers because the purpose of this approach is to server management with the information that can motivate them to create maximum wealth for shareholders. In DHL, EVA model is deployed to maximize the wealth of shareholders (Camerinelli, 2009). Quality Management: Quality improvement programs just not improve the performance of the organization but also enhance the level of customer satisfaction and for the improvement of

You As a Technology Leader Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

You As a Technology Leader - Article Example Thus, the application of technology in shaping and influencing teaching and learning outcome explores the opportunities and strengths that advocate for accountability and improved performance. Similarly, technology as a learning and teaching tool promote data-driven models, capacity building, and corporate social responsibility in education and school programs. The articles apply similar patterns subjectively in addressing technology themes, as well as the issues raised. For example, there are converging ideas and thoughts in nurturing and solving teaching and learning problems. According to Lindahl and Folkesson (2012) ICT’s ideas, integration of computers in preschool setting is used as ICT norm and a component of technology in creating a successful, competent and independent learning. Similarly, Ayres and Sansosti (2013) mobile technology ideas are applied in teaching and learning of exceptional students. Lindahl base his findings and conclusion in supporting mobile technology and integration of computers in schools to increase students learning outcomes. In this regard, technology application in schools in learning and teaching programs gains greater outstanding support in which a valid and reliable generalization can be obtained. The shared ideas and borrowing of concepts and theories from various sources to support the propose d arguments demonstrates an excellent coverage of research that illustrates accurate results. For example, when moderate/severe intellectual disability (MSID) or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are managed by technological strategies, the students affected students becomes competent and independent. Thus, sharing of ideas and concepts of technology by different authors foster the quality and quantity of student’s learning that engage technology to a meaningful and independent learning outcome (Mutisya & Rotich, 2015). Although uniformity of writing patterns and thoughts is used throughout the articles, slight

Foundations of Criminal Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Foundations of Criminal Law - Assignment Example Fraud losses impact deeply or adversely almost every aspect in business. The fraud management is mainly encountered through the Deterrence, Prevention, Detection, Mitigation, Analysis, Policy, investigation and Prosecution3. Although definitions of legal insanity differs according to states, generally a person is considered insane and not responsible for a criminal conduct if, at the time of the offense, as a result of a severe mental disease or defect, he is not able to appreciate the nature and quality of his criminal act4. SET 1 Case 1 The article is about a case against a person named Lord Hanningfield who had been held guilty for using the funds of Essex County Council mainly for his own personal interests by citing false claims. It is a case of theft by false accounting. Theft is defined as a punishable offence where a person may wish to dishonestly obtain property belonging to other5. There are five elements of theft which are appropriation, property, belonging to other, with the intention of depriving the other permanently and dishonesty6. Theft by false accounting arises when a person dishonestly destroys or falsifies an account or any record required for an accounting purpose. Also if the information furnished by the person, who may be required by any accounting purpose, is untrue by the knowledge of the person, it is also known to be theft arising out of false accounting7. False accounting is used to obtain more funds from the banks or related institutions8. In the article Lord Hanningfield was found guilty of using the funds of Essex County Council by submitting receipts and claims which were found to be false. It was found that he had provided false details about his travel expenditures to draw money out of the council. He had submitted a receipt of ?500 for traveling which was found to be false. He also used the facility of a chauffeur driven car provided by Essex County Council to his home when the distance was only of 46 miles. The normal allowa nce level is ?174 for a single night without a receipt. Lord Hanningfield had repeatedly violated this provision. He had booked for airfares to India and hotels outside London which were booked by others. Also, it was found that Lord Hanningfield was in full knowledge about the false claims when it was being committed. This is a case of fraud caused by theft in accounting as it satisfies the five elements for causing a theft a well as accounting inappropriately that is caused intentionally. However, Lord Hanningfield claim that he had used the money which he is entitled to does not provide a clear picture of theft. The above mentioned law does not explain this clause as whether the defendant had utilized his rights or it was a fraudulent behavior. The article is insufficient to deduce if it was fraud by abuse of position. There are statutory conditions against fraud caused by theft of false accounting. On conviction, the accused can be sentenced to imprisonment for a term not exceed ing seven years 9. Case II In this case of fraud, the wife of a policeman was alleged of taking part in a ?10 million mortgage scam for the exchange of the high value goods. This is the case of fraud by false representation. A person is said to be in violation of this law if he person makes a false representation through dishonest means, for the intentions of reaping gains for him or

Neoliberal Policies on Media Regulation

Neoliberal Policies on Media Regulation Amirah Shafie Neoliberal policies vs Governmental regulations and policies Cultural industries are involved in the production and dissemination of products that can influence our understanding and knowledge of the world (Hesmondhalgh, 2013). Because of its influential nature, the question of who should own and regulate the industries and commodities produced has been a highly contested topic. Proponents of Neoliberal policies argued that public ownership and regulation of cultural industries are inefficient and provide insufficient choice and perspectives for viewers. Thus, they postulate the best way to increase this choice was to provide more commercial (private) channels coupled with the end or lessening of governmental regulation. On the other hand, the ideological imperatives of a commercially driven media system drive huge concerns on the quality of cultural commodities that will be produced, resulting in support for cultural industries to remain public with strong governmental regulations so that public interests will be protected. Through analysing Murdoch’s global media empire, this paper takes the public interest stance and argues that Neoliberal policies, while seemingly progressive and adopted to liberate production, distribution and consumption of cultural commodities, ironically legitimises the decreasing media diversity and low quality news content. There must, therefore, be appropriate amount of government intervention when it comes to controlling the cultural industries. From the 1970s onwards, neoliberal supporters argued the economic downturn of that period was a consequence of public ownership and governmental regulations. The basis of the neoliberal approach to culture is the idea that free, unregulated competition will produce efficient markets and producing such markets should be the main goal of public policy (Hesmondhalgh, 2013). As a result, the 80s onwards witnessed major historical changes in the policy landscape. Hesmondhalgh terms these policy changes as marketization, which refers to ‘the permeation of market exchange as a social principle’. These changes include having broadcasting institutions privatised or unrestricted to terrestrial, commercial broadcaster, cable and satellite providers. Controls on content such as amount of advertising, laws and regulations on media ownership were also eradicated or greatly lightened. On the global scale, the impetus for neoliberal marketization peaked in the 1997 WTO agreement (Jin, 2 005). Under the agreement, many states made market access commitments which decreased or removed restrictions on foreign ownership and licensing in communications. It has been argued that marketization would allow companies to compete with one another and by doing so, will produce quality products more efficiently in order to get the most audience. This would also mean that audience could get different and better types of information at a cheaper and more accessible way. No doubt, the marketization of cultural industries has allowed global audience to access news from different channels apart than the ones offered locally. However, if we were to take a closer look, most of these channels are actually produced by a few large conglomerates, namely Rupert Murdochs News Corp, Viacom, Bertelsmann, Warners, Sony, AT T, and Disney. Rather than increasing diversity globally, marketization of cultural industries have ignited a surge of mergers acquisitions because giant communication firms consistently moves aggressively into deregulated domestic communications markets around the world. This means that marketization resulting from neoliberal policies has allowed for the concentration of ownership among a few mega-media giants and the world actually gets exposed to news produced from these same media giants, weakening the neoliberal stance that competition produces diverse choices. Once of these media giants include News Corp. The growth of Rupert Murdoch’s News Corp commenced in Australia when he started buying newspaper companies in which he now owns two-thirds of the nation’s newspaper production. With the relaxing of regulations, News Corp further expanded into Britain to include both newspapers and television stations, thus further dominating much of the content in that area. By the 1990s, News Corp became the biggest press publisher in Britain. News Corp also partly gained controlled over a pioneer satellite television system BSKYB, which is the television source for most British homes. Next, Murdoch expanded the reach of his News Corporation in the United States by buying over 20th Century Fox which include Fox News, Fox Sports, and FX. He then purchased the New York Post and Fox 5 in New York. Then in 2003, the News Corporation was allowed to buy Direct TV, the largest television satellite service in the United States. Murdoch also bought satellite television networks in Asia and Lati n America. Globally, Murdoch satellite systems are estimated to reach more than three hundred million homes. With Fox Television and 20th Century Fox providing content, this satellite system, which is consistently moving toward conquering the global market, signals an expanding global vertical integration (Broe, 2004). This desire for total control prompts more concentration by the other media conglomerates to contest News Corp’s control, as seen by Comcasts attempts to take over entertainment provider Disney in 2004 and Time Warner in 2014. This conglomeration of companies like Murdoch’s News Corporation is worrying as it has the power to influence the diversity of global news content. Simply take a look at how News Corporation’s company in India, Star News, is run. Star News has no permanent foreign correspondents of its own, even in neighbouring countries, as there seem to be no economic or corporate sense to invest in running foreign bureaux or lease time on costly satellite networks for live transmission of news stories. Therefore, Star News uses footage provided by News Corporation’s other international news networks such as Fox Channel from News York and Sky News from London. It is not alarming, then, that Fox opinions and take to news is apparent in India, as evidenced during the Iraq invasion in 2003, when Star News simply repeated, often word-for-word in Hindi, the Pentagon line on ‘Operation Iraqi Freedom’ (Thussu, 2007). Here, we can see that by relegating cultural industries such as news companies to the rigours of the market has allowed conglomerates such as News Corp to control news production all over the world and disseminate their ideology (in this case Pentagon support for Operation Iraqi Freedom) easily, affecting the diversity of global news content. Quality of news is also affected with the marketization of cultural industries. Privatising and commercialising news companies means that these companies are now responsible to shareholders. In order to make sure that news generated would provide profits to the channel, Murdoch’s News Corp has been regularly sensationalising its news as they vie for attention. Murdochs early statement that newspapers were meant to entertain not educate has served as a template for much of News Corp contents. This style of exaggerated story filled with invented quotes; the rewriting of laconic news-service copy into lavish sensationalized; the eye-shattering, usually ungrammatical, irrelevant and gratuitously blood-curdling headline yarns (Leper Rapes Virgin, Gives Birth To Monster Baby) has been used in many of its news coverage (Broe, 2004). Murdoch’s News Corporation has established what is labelled as the ‘four S’ model of journalism – ‘scare headlines, sex, scandal, and sensation’ in order to secure commercial success in almost all of its major acquisitioned properties (Arsenault Castells, 2008). Such strategies in incorporating aspects of new sensationalism have replaced the original value of â€Å"objective† news reporting. Critics have also emphasized that the gimmickry, opinion and comments such as the ones on Fox News is detrimental to long-established journalistic principles to ‘objectively’ inform citizens about the world (Cushin Lewis, 2009). In this case, the commercial and ideological aims of News Corp, that is to gain greater audience share and present a partial view of the world does not promote a public service ethos focusing on audience understanding and democratic participation. Evidently, market forces do not guarantee that the media companies will serve their non-economic roles as ethical institutions of the democratic public sphere and this has taken a toll on the quality and diversity of democratic media due to the dangerous concentrations of media power. Hence, it is important that there continues to be news industries that are publicly owned in order to balance the commercial imperatives of private industries. There also needs to be stronger regulations that can control the size of these media conglomerates so as to ensure that they do not abuse their power in influencing the diversity of news contents as well as the quality of news produced. For example, in 2005, News Corporation’s subsidiary company, News of the World was caught for phone hacking of several high profile celebrities and Britain’s royal family members, causing a huge political and public fury. The government had to intervene for the protection of individuals’ privacy and ethical reporting of news. Due to this hacking scandal, News Corp. was forced withdraw its bid for full take-over of the British satellite broadcaster BSkyB, as Prime Minister Cameron announced a wide-ranging public inquiry into the British media (Wintour, Sabbagh Watt, 2011). Here, we can see the importance in governmental intervention in ensuring that this media company does not abuse its power. We also see the extent to which the market forces of competition can push companies to go beyond the boundaries to beat their competitors to get the juiciest information. As quoted by Raboy on media and communications regulation, â€Å"as media are paramount social institutions, public intervention with respect to their orientation is both legitimate and necessary† (Lunt Livingstone, 2012). Those who object government regulations would rather choose neoliberal policies in the name of democratic freedom. What they fail to see is that freedom should also come in the form of public interest and government regulations can protect these freedom that democracy so seriously advocate. There is also nothing democratic and free when it comes to having big conglomerates who can control easily global production and dissemination of news content. McChesney (2000) was adamant about the fundamental incompatibility of democracy with patterns of consolidated media ownership. In response to Murdoch’s power in the media industry, McChesney (2000) said, ‘‘there is no human, no single firm, no single entity that should have this sort of power. That’s just a core democratic value and principle.† Certainly, having full governmental regulation on media companies would also be unnecessary and dangerous. I am not proposing that there should be full governmental control with no privatisation of media companies. What I am proposing is that private and public media companies need to be present in any country so that both these entities can act as watchdogs. However, the government needs to be strong enough to be able to develop social and cultural policies that can encourage fair deliberation and engagement through intergovernmental, regional and global cooperation (Lunt Livingstone, 2012). These policies should focus on positive as well as negative freedoms, whereby the role of governments is not only to protect citizens but also to ensure conditions for a civic culture together with diverse and quality engagement. Without a much robust attitude towards media concentration and the chase for meaningful diversity and quality, current public interest considerations are unlikely to b e protected against aggressive marketization. Protecting the public interest requires both a more determined stance on media concentration and a more imaginative approach to securing media diversity, one that is based not simply on economic benefits but on the advantages of stimulating mindful debate and critical perspectives. References Cushion, S., Lewis, J. (2009). Towards a ‘Foxification’ of 24-hour news channels in Britain?Journalism,10(2), 131-153. Retrieved March 31, 2015, from http://jou.sagepub.com/content/10/2/131.abstract Wintour, P., Sabbagh, D., Wat, N. (2011, July 14). Rupert Murdoch gives up BSkyB takeover bid.The Guardian. Retrieved March 30, 2015, from http://www.theguardian.com/media/2011/jul/13/rupert-murdoch-gives-up-bskyb-bid McChesney, R. (2000). The political economy of communication and the future of the field.Media, Culture Society,22(1), 109-116. Retrieved March 29, 2015, from http://mcs.sagepub.com.libproxy1.nus.edu.sg/content/22/1/109.refs Broe, D. (2004). Fox and Its Friends: Global Commodification and the New Cold War.Society for Cinema Media Studies,43(4), 97-102. Retrieved March 20, 2015, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/3661159 Lunt, P., Livingstone, S. (2012). Media regulation: Governance and the interests of citizens and consumers. London: SAGE Publications Ltd. doi: http://dx.doi.org.libproxy1.nus.edu.sg/10.4135/9781446250884 Jin, D. (2008). Neoliberal restructuring of the global communication system: Mergers and acquisitions.Media, Culture Society,30(3), 357-373. Retrieved March 20, 2015, from http://mcs.sagepub.com.libproxy1.nus.edu.sg/content/30/3/357 Arsenault, A., Castells, M. (2008). Politics: A Sociological Analysis Switching Power: Rupert Murdoch and the Global Business of Media.International Sociology,23, 488-513. Retrieved May 20, 2015, from http://annenberg.usc.edu/Faculty/Communication and Journalism/~/media/InternationalSociology.ashx Thussu, D. (2007). The ‘Murdochization’ of news? The case of Star TV in India.Media, Culture Society,29(4), 593-611.

Effects of Catalase Over-expression on Aging :: Biology Age

Introduction What exactly causes the infirmities of old age? According to the free-radical theory of aging, oxidative damage caused by ROS (reactive oxygen species) is the main culprit. This paper focuses on a study that partly supports this theory by showing that murine life span can be extended by an overexpression of human catalase in mitochondria. The specific paper that this is based on is Extension of Murine Life Span by Overexpression of Catalase Targeted to Mitochondria by Samuel E. Schriner et al. Another paper that was used in the construction of this paper is The Anti-Aging Sweepstakes: Catalase Runs for the ROSes by Richard A. Miller. These scientific papers are summaries of the experiments carried out by Schriner and his group dealing with the topic of catalase-overexpression and its effect on murine lifespan. However, it is important to remember that this is a topic still under much debate. Though these experiments do not provide us with a definat cureall for aging, it is believed by many that the data aquired from them point us to one of the major culprits of aging and age related diseases, ROS's. Why the fuss over R.O.S.? Attempts to prolong longevity have been a major endeavor in science and several hypotheses have been proposed about the major causes. Scientists have focused on the role of reactive oxygen species in longevity through investigations using mice models. Reactive oxygen species’ role in aging processes is also known as the free radical theory of aging. Scientists have found that reactive oxygen species attack molecules of biological systems and are the main cause for the functional decline of organ systems that lead to eventual death. Various experiments were conducted to investigate the role of reaction oxygen species using transgenic mouse models. Specifically, the purpose of these experiments are to determine if minimizing the level of ROS (reactive oxygen species) in certain organelles in mice have any effect on the overall health and lifespan of the mouse. The hypothesis was tested by amplifying a certain gene in mouse DNA that expresses catalase, an enzyme that breaks down the ROS’s. However, prior to beginning the experiments, transgenic mice are necessary for the experimentation. Development of a Transgenic Mouse A transgenic mouse is a mouse that has had a specific gene, in this case the human catalase gene, inserted into its genome.

Record Management System

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We would like to express our sincerest appreciation and heartfelt gratitude to the following who in one way or another, made this research possible. Above all, to our almighty God, for giving us His divine providence through the course of this subject; for providing us with talents, enthusiasm, and strengths needed to accomplish this thesis. To our family and friends, who provided priceless love and support. To our adviser Prof Jayson R. Hermognes, for his unending patience and guidance during the entire process of the study.Director Lualhati for her approval to conduct our research for our study. To the administrator and owner of 4K Garden Resort headed by Mr. Anatole A. Mendoza. The president of the company, Cymbeline M. Filoteo,for providing the necessary documents to make our thesis possible. To our beloved university, who shared with us their precious time to extend their guidance and efforts at various stages of this project, Prof. Leonardo Correa and Prof. Sagi sag P. Cruz faculty member of the PUP-SMB; we offer our sincerest gratitude. The Researcher DEDICATION This thesis is lovingly dedicated†¦.To our Almighty God for unconditional love and blessings, for giving us strength, good health and knowledge while doing this research study. To our beloved parents who supports our financial expenses and always believe in our skills and knowledge. To our respective professors, Mr. Jay-Arr Tayao and Mr. Joel Palad for giving us drive and discipline to tackle any task with enthusiasm and determination for us to finish this study. To the company, Paraiso ng Pagmamahal Memorial Park for giving us information and the permission to make a system that will help them in the future. TABLE OF CONTENTSTITLE PAGE†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. i CERTIFICATION AND APPROVAL SHEET†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. iv CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 8 Background of the Study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 10 History of the Company †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 12 Conceptual Framework†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 14 Statement of the Problem†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦16 Objective of the Study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 16 Scope and Limitation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦17 Significance of the Study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 8 Definition of Terms†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 19 CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 22 Foreign Literature†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦. 22 Local Literature†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 29 Foreign Studies†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 30 Local Studies†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 31 Synthesis and Relevance to the Study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 32 CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 33 Method of Research†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 33 Population, Sample Size and Sampling Technique†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦. 34 Description of Respondents†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦. 35Research Instrument†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 36 Data Gathering Procedures†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 38 Statistical Treatment of the Data†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦39 CHAPTER IV PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦40 CHAPTER V SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 56 Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 56 Findings†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦. 56 Conclusions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 59 Recommendations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 59 Bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦60 LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Problems Encountered by the Respondents †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 40 Table 2 Mean Summary of the ExistingAnd the Proposed System †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 45 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Administrator Login Window †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 47 Figure 2 Security Unlock Code Window †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 48 Figure 3 Main Menu Window †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 49 Figure 4 Map Window †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦. 50 Figure 5 Transaction Form Window †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦50 Figure 6 Update Balance Window †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 51 Figure 7 Database Window †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 52 Figure 8 Price List Window †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦. †¦.. 52 Figure 9 Print Window †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦.. 53 LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix A Evaluation Form Appendix B QuestionnaireAppendix C Interview Guide Appendix D Clients/ Organizational Chart Appendix E Developers Org Chart Appendix F Office Layout (Proposed & Existing) Appendix G Data Flow Diagram Appendix H Program Flowchart Appendix I System Flowchart Appendix J Entity Relationship Diagram Appendix K Visual Table of Contents Appendix L Computation of Evaluation Appendix M Organizational Flowchart of Proposed System Appendix N Cost Benefit Analysis Appendix O Gantt Chart Appendix P Users and Tra ining Manual Appendix Q End User License Agreement Appendix R Program Codes Appendix S Supporting Details Appendix T Curriculum Vitae

Fifth Business Essays - Fifth Business, Leola, Dunstan, Free Essays

Fifth Business Essays - Fifth Business, Leola, Dunstan, Free Essays Fifth Business Robertson Davies novel, Fifth Business, revolves around guilt, competition, and two men who are foils of each other. Although Dunstan Ramsay and Percy Boyd Staunton are parallels to each other, they contrast in a great number of ways. Their awkward relationship plays a significant role in the number of elements which make Fifth Business such an interesting story. While Dunstan Ramsay had never been too interested in competing with Percy Boyd Staunton, Percy from a young age saw Dunny as a rival. When Percys brand new expensive sled isnt as fast as Dunnys, Percy gets angry and throws a snowball at Dunny, which in turn begins the setting for the novel. The two continue to compete throughout the novel, for things such as Leolas love, military recognition, and more. Percys and Dunstans characters contrast in many ways. The most prominent way in which they contrast is their values. Dunstan values spiritual things, while Percy values only material things. Percy is impressed by and yearns for money, while Dunstan could care less about it. Dunstan explains his lack of desire for materialistic things: Where Boy lived high, I lived - well, not low, but in the way congenial to myself. I thought twenty-four dollars was plenty for a ready-made suit, and four dollars a criminal price for a pair of shoes. I changed my shirt twice a week and my underwear once. I had not yet developed any expensive tastes and saw nothing wrong with a good boarding-house. (Page 113) This shows us that where as Percy was in pursuit of money and possessions, Dunstan was concerned elsewhere. Dunstan bluntly states that Percy was materialistic: To him the reality was of life lay in external things, whereas for me the only reality was of the spirit - of mind. (Page 114) Dunstan is in a search for inner truth and spirituality, and Percy is searching for outer beauty and appearances. Another way in which the two contrast is that while Dunstan leaves a lot of events in his life up to chance, Percy wants everyone, and everything in control- in his control. When Percy wants Dunstan to develop some nude pictures of Leola, Dunstan makes the comparison of himself and Percy to the myth of King Candaules and Gyges. There were two possible endings to the myth - one being that Percy would lose Leola to Dunstan. This is shown when Leola later tries to seduce Dunstan at a Christmas party. Although Dunstan and Percy are very much opposites throughout the novel, there is one area in which they are both the same- neither one of them is able to form warm, lasting human relationships. At the beginning of their marriage, Percy is unable to be faithful to Leola, but claims that since he still loves her, the encounters with the other ladies didnt really count. Percy is still unable to be faithful to Leola later on in their marriage, due to his failing efforts to bring up to his standards. When Leola later dies, Percy does not even come home for her funeral. Dunstan is not able to form lasting relationships either. When he refuses to marry Diana, it is because he doesnt want anyone telling him what to do, like his mother did, ever - he wants to be his own person: I know how clear it is that what was wrong between Diana and me was that she was too much a mother to me, and as I had had one mother, and lost her, I was not in a hurry to acquire another - not even a young and beautiful one with whom I could play Oedipus to both our hearts content. If I could manage it, I had not intention of being anybodys own dear laddie, ever again. (Page 88) There are many ways in which Dunstan and Ramsay are parallel, yet contrast each other. The way in which Davies makes the characters foil each other adds excitement and stability to the novel. Dunstan and Percy are perfect best friends, and perfect enemies. Bibliography jamie

Amendment and Silent Correction of Quoted Content

Amendment and Silent Correction of Quoted Content Amendment and Silent Correction of Quoted Content Amendment and Silent Correction of Quoted Content By Mark Nichol What do you do when you wish to incorporate a quotation from another source into your own content, but the quotation includes a flaw in spelling, grammar, or the like, or you want to use the quotation selectively? How and whether you amend quoted material depends on the content and the context. In a formal context, such as a scholarly or other authoritative nonfiction book, if source material is flawed, you have several options depending on the type or extent of nonstandard content. For a simple misspelling or grammatical error, follow the mistake with the interpolation [sic], italicizing the word, derived from Latin, that means â€Å"so† or â€Å"thus† and indicates that the preceding error is reproduced from the original material; the brackets should be styled in normal roman type. If errors are ubiquitous, or an obsolete convention such as rampant capitalization is repeated, acknowledge that fact in a brief preceding note in the text, a concise bracketed comment, or a footnote. These strategies are also appropriate to clarify that the writer reproducing the quotation does not condone a controversial remark or an offensive term or comment within it. What if a passage already includes ellipses and you wish to omit phrases or sentences? Distinguish between the original ellipses and your own, perhaps by enclosing the ellipses you have introduced within brackets and explaining in a preceding note or in a footnote that this treatment indicates introduced, as opposed to original, omissions. If the context does not make clear that original ellipses have not been introduced, insert a bracketed note such as â€Å"[Ellipses in original],† but employ this intrusive strategy in moderation. In such formal content, quotations should preserve spelling, capitalization, punctuation, and treatment such as italicization or full capitalization of a word. However, if an entire sentence or passage originally appeared italicized or in all-caps, you can render it in friendlier type and note in brackets how the material originally appeared. (Also, when introducing italics to emphasize a point, follow that treatment with the note â€Å"[Emphasis added.]† Conversely, to clarify that the italics are original, insert the note â€Å"[Italics in original.†) The Chicago Manual of Style supports limited corrections or format changes such as the following: 1. Revision of quotation marks to conform to the prevailing style (such as changing single quotation marks, used in British English, to double quotation marks, standard in American English). 2. Revision of the first letter of the first word from uppercase to lowercase or vice versa as required to integrate the quotation with the preceding text. (It is not necessary to bracket a change in case except in legal writing or textual commentary.) 3. Insertion of terminal punctuation (a period, question mark, or exclamation point) or replacement of existing punctuation to integrate the quotation into the surrounding text. 4. Omission of superscript note indicators, such as numbers or asterisks, when the notes are not retained. 5. Isolated misspellings or typographical errors (but retain â€Å"mistakes† when they are deliberate, such as when imitating an illiterate attempt at writing, or when quoting from material written at a time when spelling was nonstandard). 6. Adjustment of indented or centered text to match formatting of the surrounding text. In less formal contexts, you can employ silent correction, the strategy of simply editing the original material without comment. Writers must used sound judgment, however, in minimizing the alterations and refraining from altering the meaning or intent of the original content. Usually, silent correction should be employed only to correct misspellings or erroneous punctuation. If the grammar of the original material is poor or the material is otherwise problematic, it is probably better to paraphrase entirely or to directly quote only key phrases. Also, exercise caution when reproducing heavily accented speech. Gonna, wanna, and similar lazy pronunciations need not be reproduced; doing so, or representing mispronunciations such as â€Å"nukular,† may be misinterpreted as condescending to the speaker. Silent correction is also appropriate for errors such as flustrated as a confusion of flustered and frustrated. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Business Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Program vs. Programme"Certified" and "Certificated"Dissatisfied vs. Unsatisfied

Budget Stimulation Project Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Budget Stimulation Project - Research Paper Example The result of which was to bring to light the inhumane conditions within the prison, leading to the American public questioning their continued support of the South Vietnamese Government. Senator Harkin married his wife Ruth Raduenz in 1968 and they have two daughters and three grandchildren1 Congressman Harkin began his service as a member of the U. S. House of Representatives in 1974. Then years later, Congressman Harkin became Senator Harkin and has the distinction of being the first Senator elected to a fifth term in Iowa. One of his more interesting and innovating achievements is the creation of a ’mobile office’ which is run from a van from which he travels through 99 counties each year to bring his congressional services to his constituents. One of his first achievements was through Senator Ted Kennedy who approached Senator Harkin to draft a bill in relationship to the rights of those with physical and mental challenges. Because Senator Harkin’s brother, Frank, had been deaf from birth, Senator Harkin was tapped as being sensitive to the needs and issues faced by those with physical and mental challenges, and the result was The Americans with Disabilities Act. This legislation revolutionized the accessibility afforded to those with challenges through requirements for public buildings and requirements for public transportation and employment accommodations.2 Congressional Interests The types of concerns that Senator Harkin has supported have been to endorse the needs and address the concerns of the American public. Senator Harkin has been active in promoting health and health care initiatives, his belief system centered on a concept he terms ’well-care’, which he believes is in contrast to the current system which treats people after they become sick. In addressing health throughout one’s life, the prevention of a great many health problems could be avoided, not only saving lives, but saving money in the costs of treatments. He has worked to increase the budgets for research on cardiovascular disease, cancer, and Alzheimer’s, along with working to reverse the position that President Bush held on embryonic stem-cell research. Education has been another great concern for Senator Harkin as he has â€Å"worked to reduce class size, give students better computer and internet access, expand school counseling and safety programs and inprove teacher training†.3 Additionally, Senator Harkin has had interests in agricultural issues, promoting efficiency in energy use and conservation for continued agricultural benefit. Senator Harkin is considered a moderate and has served as chairman of the Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions, with serving as Member Ex Officio for the subcommittees on Children and Families; Employment and Work Safety; and Retirement and Aging. He has served on the Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry, with membership on the sub committees on Hunger, Nutrition, and Family Farms; Production, Income Protection, and Price Support; and Rural Revitalization. He has also served on Senate Committee on Appropriations, with membership

Realism of Traditional Trade theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Realism of Traditional Trade theories - Essay Example It is stated that the factor of the comparative advantage is considered to be the most crucial aspect, which moulds the international trade. (Fedotovs 2010) Thus the writer emphasizes on the fact that comparative type of advantage that has come into play due to globalization, is presently the most important aspect for any country, from a practical as well as theoretical point of view. Many traditional theories as well as models, had been effectively formulated so as to explain the comparative advantage and these have ever since been scrutinized to bring out the evidences empirically. But it is an irony that all these theoretical models have only produced results, which were totally contradictory. Thus the writer attempts to generate empirical evidence by taking the case of Latvia, which is a small country and a member of the European Union. Through the analysis of the empirical evidence, the writer focuses on the present two basic concepts of the International Trade. The two very fam ous models are the Heckscher-Ohlin theorem of factor endowment and the Ricardian model, which explains the concept of comparative advantage. ... This efficiency is really possible, since the countries need to concentrate only on the sectors which they are strong in and concentrate mainly to strengthen those areas. In the case of Latvia this becomes a reality, since the application of the comparative advantage emphasized in the Ricardian model is very much possible. Indeed Latvia has been very successful in following such a trade policy, with respect to the foreign countries strictly abiding by the terms of the international trade. (Fedotovs 2010) Applying the Ricardian Model of Comparative Advantage to Latvia The Ricardian theory strongly believes that with respect to a particular product, any country in the present world due to globalization has got a very good comparative advantage, when compared to other countries if the opportunity cost that is incurred during the production of that good, among a group of goods is very less in that particular country. Thus this can very well be applied in the case of Latvia and is found t o validate the Ricardian theories strength. (Fedotovs 2010) Strengths of Ricardian Model In fact Latvia had joined the European Union only seven years back and when it is compared with the other member states, it was having lesser productivity and it was not so economically developed. But the surprising thing was that, this country had a comparative advantage when the productivity ratio in the case of certain goods was compared, with the other member states. To have a very good advantage with respect to particular product, a country had to have a very high productivity ratio when compared to other countries, as per the Ricardian Model. In the case of Latvia it was very well found out that, timber was the export

International Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

International - Essay Example The strategy of the company is easy and simple to follow that is to allow the continuous growth of the product by continuous revolution and invention at the same time maintain equilibrium between the activities of different region and product lines. The short term performances are more preferred and long term performances are not neglected at the cost of short term performance. Nestle gives priority to providing quality products to everyone, irrespective of their location, needs and throughout their lives. Nestle runs on the decentralized system which means each country is responsible for the sale of products individually and does not depend on the main headquarters The motto of Nestle is to â€Å"Think globally- acting locally† which means that their products are made by keeping the whole world in mind but also interacts with the consumers at regional level (G, 2009). Corporate social responsibility is a concept of management in which companies incorporate societal and environmental apprehension when dealing with stakeholders and the operations of the business. Corporate social responsibility also known as CSR is the method with which the company achieves equilibrium between the environmental and economical sectors, in other words this is known as the Triple Bottom Line Approach. Along with this the company also responds to the stake holders and share holders expectations. If one wishes to promote the CSR within a company it is also important to review the company’s needs and their capacity to incorporate CSR in the company so that it does not affect their economic feasibility. If CSR is properly incorporated within a company then it gives the ability to the company to gain several advantages like increased in flow of investments, higher sales and profit ratio, systematic human resource base, a better and much improved image of the brand a nd development of good reputation, the ability to make good decision

Come a-knocking on Deaths door Essay Example for Free

Come a-knocking on Deaths door Essay The Ode is used as a poetic form for philosophical contemplation. Compare two odes by Keats in the light of this observation How much do you agree with the statement: John Keats was unfortunate in his upbringing to some extent? On one hand there was a chance for a budding surgeon but he gave that away to his literary awakening which drew him to write odes such as the ones I am going to analyse. Personally, learning about his life prior to literature, I feel that the situations he dealt with, at such a young age were remarkable but perhaps had he not faced those decisions, he wouldnt have come to write such poetry brimming full with philosophical contemplation. John Keats was born on the October 31st, 1795 in Finsbury Pavement, near the centre of London. He learnt to deal with death from an early age as his father died in an accident when he was only eight years old. Seventeen years later in 1810, his mother died due to consumption, leaving John in the care of his grandmother. Subsequently, under the care of guardians he left school to become an apprentice to a surgeon. Unfortunately, before the completion of his apprenticeship, John had a quarrel with his master and therefore left to pursue a stronger path in literature, deftly in the company of his good friend Cowden Clarke. Three years of receiving scarce and negative feedback on his sonnets and poems, John was once again in the presence of a dying man: this time it was his brother. Tom Keats was also taken by consumption in 1818. Though by this time, distinct signs had begun to show in the decent of Keatss own health. Keats himself was fighting illness and death in his latter years. Despite the fact of his deteriorating wellbeing, Keats continued to delve deeper into love and time. His mental understanding of what lies beyond was perhaps something that I could never even begin to contemplate. His dying wish was to have the words: Here lies one whose name was writ in water, on his gravestone when he died on 23rd February, 1821. Writing his most famous odes in his dying years was a sign of great character; I think that being able to face such a prospect of dying young, his mind matured faster than that of others. Increasingly throughout the odes, I can see that John has indeed spent many thought provoking sessions in front of the artefact he describes. He sees, he feels, he waits and then he writes. The form of poetry which Keats was most celebrated for was the Ode. This style of elaborate and stately lyric poem was lengthened or shortened at the whim of the poet. However, the basic arrangement of the stanzas was patterned in sets of three a strophe and an antistrophe, of which both had an identical metrical scheme, and an epode, which had a structure of its own. Dating back to the Greek choral songs, the ode has appeared in many centuries over the world. Roman poets such as Catullus took the form of poetry to their own meaning. The ode was generally used to express strong emotions that flooded the poets mind at the time, the poet would be transfixed onto the idea and he would try to convey his meaning through the literary form.

Human Resource Planning Strategies, Recruitment And Procedures

Human Resource Planning Strategies, Recruitment And Procedures INTRODUCTION According to Bulla and Scott human resource planning is the process for ensuring that the human resource requirements of an organization are identified and plans are made for satisfying those requirements. It determines the human resources required by the organization to achieve its strategic goals. Human resource planning is generally concerned with businesses of longer terms but sometimes it also addresses businesses of short terms as well. In order to improve organizational effectiveness, it looks at the broader issues how people are employed and developed. Human resource planning is an integral part business planning. In this assignment, firstly I will explore that how HR plan supports organizations strategic objectives. Then I will discuss the legal requirements which influence HR planning. In next part, recruitment and selection of new staff is explained in detail and with it the effect of organizational culture on recruitment and retention of staff is described. In last part, human resource management procedures are discussed which are grievance, discipline and dismissal procedures. The strategic planning process projects to changes in the type of activities carried out by the organization. In order to achieve the goals, resource and skill requirements it identifies the core competencies the organization needs. Quinn Mills says that human resource planning is a decision making process and consist of three steps: Identify appropriate number of people with right skills Motivate these people to achieve high performance Create links between business objectives and people planning activities. Human resource planning consists of four steps To forecast future needs To analyse the availability and supply of people To draw up plans To monitor how plans are implemented A strategy is a plan of a company which shows that how it matches its internal strengths and weaknesses to external threats and opportunities. CHALLENGES TO STRATEGIC HUMAN RESOURCE Human resource management priorities are focusing on boosting competitiveness, reducing costs and improving employee performance. COMPANYS BASIC STRATEGIES CORPORATE STRATEGY Corporate strategy is portfolio of businesses that comprise the company and the ways by which these are related to each other. It consists of Diversification strategy identifies the expansion of a company by adding new products Vertical integration strategy shows the expansion of a company by producing its raw materials or selling its products Consolidation reduces the size of a company Geographic expansion takes the business abroad COMPETITIVE STRATEGY Competitive strategy strengthens the long term position of the companys business in the marketplace. Managers use different corporate strategies to achieve corporate advantage. COST LEADERSHIP aims to make the company a low cost leader in industry. DIFFERENTIATION COMPETITIVE STRATEGY is a strategy in which a company wants to be unique in the industry FUNCTIONAL STRATEGY It is a basic course of action that each department of business pursue to achieve its competitive goals. STRATEGIC HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT In planning and achievement of any organization, human resource management plays a bigger role in the success. Strategic human resource management formulates and executes HR systems and HR policies. HR ROLE IN THE FORMULATION OF STRATEGY A strategic plan identifies, analyze, and balance the companys internal strengths and weaknesses and external threats and opportunities. Human resource planning process takes place within the context of labour market. According to Elliott (1991): The market for labour is an abstraction; it is an analytical construction used to describe the context within which the buyers and sellers of labour come together to determine the pricing and allocation of labour services. The internal labour market consists of labour within the company. It is a main source of future labour requirements by introducing the policies like training, development, and career planning and management succession. The external labour market consists of regional, local, national and international labour markets. In order to find the right people for the right job, it is necessary to consider that which of these labour markets are the best source. Both the sources are extensively used depending on the size of the company, the rate of growth and decline and the policies of employee resourcing. The firm much relies on internal market and believes in long term careers of the staff through training sessions or apprenticeship. The aims of human resource planning are as follows: The skillful and competent people are obtained and retained Makes the best use of human resource planning To overcome the problems like deficit of people or potential surplus To develop a trained workforce Reduce to rely on external recruitment Human resource planning consist of four steps Forecast future needs Analyze the supply and availability of people Make plans to match supply to demand Monitor the implementation of plan For future demands, human resource planning concentrates on skills and competencies which indicate the numbers required in longer term. Its main aim is to produce policies like training, retention and utilization of human resources and development. Human resource planning addresses the following questions: How many people will be needed? What competencies and skills are required for future? Is training or development needed further? Is there is a need for recruitment? When will there is a need for new people? When will the training and recruitment start? How to tackle the situation of reducing cut costs? How can the flexibility be achieved on the use of people? FORMULATION OF BUSINESS STRATEGY HR strategy contributes to the formulation of business strategy which identifies to make the best use of existing human resources. IMPLEMENTATION OF BUSINESS STRATEGIES It consists of; Development strategies are the needs to increase skills to fit people for greater responsibility. It also defines the outputs required from training programmes. Retention strategies indicate the intentions of the company to get the right people Utilization strategies describe how the organization intends to improve productivity and cost Flexibilities strategies define the companys strategies in developing flexible work arrangements Downsizing strategies are the needs to be done by the organization to reduce the numbers employed. FORMULATION OF HR STRATEGIES Formulation of strategies addresses a number of questions Where are we now? Where do we want to be in the future? How are we going to get there? Resourcing strategies are converted to business strategies by depending on the following plans SCENARIO PLAN conducts an environmental scan on the issues which affect the labour market. This is possibly based on PEST approach. DEMAND FORECASTING estimates the future needs of the people. Its base is long term business plan and annual budget. For the companys plans, details are required which results in increased or decreased demands of employees. The introduction of new technology would also have to be considered in order to bring changes to working methods or procedures. There are four methods of demand forecasting MANAGERIAL JUDGEMENT This method requires managers to sit together and think about the future pressure and workload. The managers have to decide that how many people they need. Line managers and senior managers are involved in this agreement. Top management prepares company and department forecasts and these forecasts are reviewed and agreed with department managers. All the guidelines should be prepared for departmental managers indicating the future activities which will effect their department. With the help of these guidelines, departmental managers prepare their forecast to a laid- down format. They can seek help from personnel department. The personnel department prepares a human forecast of the company. Human resource planning committee then reviewed these two forecasts and reconciles with the department managers about these two forecasts and submits a final amended forecast to top management for approval. RATIO TREND ANALYSIS It is a study of past ratios between direct and indirect workers. In this way, future ratios are forecasted and made some allowances for changes in the company. WORK STUDY TECHNIQUES Work study techniques are used in work measurements to calculate long operations and the requirement of people for those operations. The production budget of any manufacturing company is prepared in volumes of sealable products or in volumes of output for individual departments. The productive hours are then compiled by the use of standard hours. The standard hours per unit of output are multiplied by the planning volume of units to be produced to give the total planned hours. This is divided by the number of actual working hours for an individual operator. MODELLING Technique like computers and spreadsheet can help in demand and supply forecast. FORECASTING COMPETENCE AND SKILL REQUIREMENT This shows an impact of projected, product market developments and the introduction of new technology. SUPPLY FORECASTING estimate the supply of manpower by reference to analyses of current resources and future availability. Supply forecasting consists of number of people from inside or outside of the organization. It covers Existing human resources Losses to existing human resources through employee wastage Changes to existing human resources through internal promotions The effect of changing conditions and absenteeism of work Sources of supply from inside or outside the organization FORECASTING REQUIREMENTS analyse the demand and supply forecasts to identify future deficits with the help of models. DEMAND AND SUPPLY FORECASTING MODELS Models help to make decisions and make the decision makers to understand the situation in which these decisions are made. These modelling techniques help to prepare human resource forecast. It also helps to understand the career evaluation and predict and measure wastage for setting and operating models, data is required which is as follows: Human resource system- gives a description of the people who enter or exit of the organization and their progress at different levels. Stocks the number of people employed in each grade. They are analysed in age or length of service Flows- recruits, leavers and promotion flows are analysed by age or length of service Assumptions- assumptions are made for future behaviour of the system and in this way the implications of different outcomes can be evaluated. Career analysis- a career prospectus is made to build up analysing data on promotions. This links the data to information on the database about the potential of current employees. FLEXIBILITY It aims to achieve increased organizational effectiveness. It has following forms CONTRACT BASED FLEXIBILITY is an employee contract which shows the flexibility of terms and conditions. The overall purpose of the job descriptions is written in terms. This flexibility can be achieved by employing contract workers to work on any task according to their skills. TIME BASED FLEXIBILITY is achieved by the flexible hours. JOB BASED FLEXIBILITY is a functional flexibility in which workers can move from task to task according to their skills. Companies make the fullest use of flexibility in order to make the fullest use of their workforce. Functional flexibility is also associated with pay schemes and ensures that all staff is treated equally in terms of benefits. SKILL BASED FLEXIBILITY is a range of staff to perform different tasks to exercise greater responsibility. it is based on the competencies and the utilization of the capabilities of the workers. ORGANIZATION BASED flexibility makes use of contract workers and part time and temporary staff. PRODUCTIVITY AND COST ANALYSIS analyse the productivity and costs to identify the need for improvement. An increase in activity level can improve the productivity and recruits more employees. In order to reduce costs, a company looks at productivity and employment costs. The input of employees gives an output of goods and services as productivity. Employment costs consist of pay, employee benefits, national insurance contributions, recruitment costs, training costs, leaving costs including redundancy payments, loss of production, replacement and training, the cost of health and safety and personnel administration costs. ACTION PLANNING Action planning is derived from the resourcing strategies and are made in the following areas OVERALL PLAN The overall human resource plan Improves methods in sorting out young people for recruitment Links with schools and colleges to create interest of the young people Attracts young people by developing programmes and training sessions Widens to recruit woman and part time workers Arrange working hours for new employees Provide benefit packages Provide training programmes for the new employees and make better use of their skills and talents HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT PLAN The human resource development plan shows The number of existing staff who needs training The number of trainees required and the programmes for recruiting and training them New learning programmes or the changes to the existing courses THE RECRUITMENT PLAN The recruitment plan set out The need of the numbers and types of people required to make up any deficits To attract candidates by training and development programmes, pay and benefit packages, working hours arrangement, child care facilities etc The dealing of the problems in the supply of the recruits by the recruitment programme THE RETENTION PLAN The retention plan is based on the analysis of why people leave. It addresses the following areas PAY This problem arises due to unfair and uncompetitive systems. Actions to be taken are Review pay levels on the basis of market surveys Review pay schemes so that everyone is treated equally Make sure that employees understand the relation between performance and reward JOBS They should be designed in such a way which can increase skill variety and provide opportunities for learning and growth. PERFORMANCE If the employees are not clear of their responsibilities or performance then they can be demotivated. Related to performance, following actions can be taken Encourage managers to praise the staff for their performance by giving them a healthy and informative feedback. Train managers in counselling; give briefing on performance management system and get a feedback on how it has been applied TRAINING If the people are not trained then this can create an increase in resignations. Training and learning programmes should be introduced to employees before joining the organization. Training programmes give employees the confidence and make them more competent in their performance. In this way they can make better use of their abilities and can do variety of tasks and enhance their skills and competencies. CAREER DEVELOPMENT Promotion prospectus and career prospectus in many of the organizations is limited which make most of the employees to turnover. To have a stable workforce, employers need planning in providing career opportunities by Developing promotion procedures Giving advice on career prospectus Encourage promotion from within COMMITMENT Commitment can be increased by explaining the mission and strategies of the company. Communication with employees is very important especially face to face communication. This also seeks the views of other people at work. CONFLICT WITH MANAGES AND SUPERVISORS This is another reason of turnover. This should be solved by Selecting those managers who are qualified and with well developed leadership Giving them training in resolving conflicts and dealing with grievances Recruitment and selection Poor selection results in rapid turnover. Selection of the employees should match with their capabilities. THE FLEXIBILITY PLAN The aim of the flexibility plan is utilize all the skills and capabilities of employers. It also reduces the employment cost and increase productivity. The flexibility plan consist of ALTERNATIVES TO FULL TIME PERMANENT STAFF The core of permanent full time staff consist of managers and team leaders who are needed to run the teams of core workers.it also include professional staff such as personnel which provides high level professional advice and services. Knowledge workers, technicians and highly skilled workers is also a part of team. The next step is the right use of the temporary workers, part-time workers and subcontracting workers. FLEXIBLE HOUR ARRANGEMENT This is also included in flexibility plan. Flexible hours can be arranged in the following ways: FLEXIBLE DAILY HOURS is a day to day pattern according to work loads FLEXIBLE WEEKLY HOURS are the weekly hours which are done at the peak time of the year COMPRESSED WORKING WEEKS is a pattern where employees work less than five days OVERTIME To reduce the overtime costs, flexibility plan offers flexible hours, new shift arrangements and overtime limitations. ARRANGEMENT OF SHIFT WORKING This reduces the overtime and is modified to meet demand requirements. THE PRODUCTIVITY PLAN This plan increase productivity and reduce employment costs by improving the methods like automation, mechanization and computerization. THE DOWNSIZING PLAN This plan sets out Arrangement for consulting with employees and their trade unions Forecast of the number of losses that can be taken up by natural wastage Forecast of the number who want to leave voluntarily Redundancy terms Arrangements by telling individual employees about the redundancies and keeping the trade unions informed CONTROL In spite of including budgets and targets, human resource plan also clarifies the implementation and control. This reports on the numbers employed against establishment and on the numbers recruited against the recruitment targets. Against budget, it also report employment costs and trends in wastage and employment ratios. RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION OF NEW STAFF The overall aim of the recruitment and selection process is to obtain the number and quality required at a minimum cost in order to satisfy the companys human resource requirements. The recruitment and selection process is a series of three steps: Define requirements Decide terms and conditions of employment, prepare job descriptions and specifications Attract candidates Review and evaluate by building a pool of candidates for the jobs by recruiting internal and external candidates, advertisement, use agencies and consultants Select candidates By interviewing, testing, assessing, assessment centres, offering employment, asking references, and preparing employment contracts DEFINE REQUIREMENTS In recruitment programme, the number of people required should be specified which is derived from the human resource plan. In addition, there will be demands for new jobs to be filled and these should be checked for justification. It is necessary to check the type of employee required for a specific job. For assessing candidates, this information provides a basic introduction required to agencies or recruitment consultants. A candidates profile, educational background, experience and skills produce criteria for a suitable job and is assessed by interviewing or by means of psychological tests. JOB DESCRIPTION A job description sets the overall objective of the job, basic details of the job, main activities and any other special requirements. For the purpose of recruitment, the information can only be provided on the arrangement for training and career opportunities. Pay, benefits, mobility and travelling are included in terms and conditions. PERSONNEL SPECIFICATIONS It is also known as recruitment, person specification or job specification. It requires educational background, qualification, experience, skills, competencies and training from the candidate. EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND OR QUALIFICATION- academic or technical qualification is required EXPERIENCE- achievements or merits obtained COMPETENCIES- it consist of any special skills achieved such as numeracy TRAINING- any special training that a candidate has taken SPECIFIC DEMANDS- a candidate is expected to develop new markets, productivity, best customer services and sales and introduce new techniques and systems ORGANIZATIONAL FIT- the candidate is expected to work within the corporate culture SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS- mobility, unsocial hours and travelling The most familiar classification scheme introduced by Rodger (1952) and is known as THE SEVEN POINT PLAN The seven point plan consists of PHYSICAL APPEARANCE- physique, health, appearance and speech ATTAINMENTS- education, qualification, experience GENERAL INTELLIGENCE- intellectual quality SPECIAL APTITUDES- mechanical, manual dexterity INTERESTS- intellectual, practical, physically active, social, artistic DISPOSITION- influential, power of acceptance, steadiness, dependable, self reliance CIRCUMSTANCES- domestic circumstances, occupations of family Another classification system is produced by Munro- Fraser and is known as THE FIVEFOLD GRADING SYSTEM The fivefold grading system covers IMPACT ON OTHERS- appearance, make-up, speech, manner ACQUIRED QUALIFICATION- education, vocational training, experience INNATE ABILITIES- aptitude for learning, natural quickness of comprehension MOTIVATION- goals set up by an individual and determination to follow them and success in achieving them ADJUSTMENT- emotional stability Both systems are proved to be good for interviewing but seven point plan is more stable and has a longer pedigree. COMPETENCY BASED APPROACH During selection process, competency based approach is used as a framework for a particular role. According to Roberts (1997) The benefit of taking a competencies approach is that people can identify and isolate the key characteristics which would be used as the basis for selection, and that those characteristics will be described in terms which both can understand and agreeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..The competencies therefore become a fundamental part of a selection process. According to Wood and Payne (1998), the advantages of competency based approach are; It increases the accuracy of prediction about stability It facilitates a closer match between the persons attributes and the demands of the job It helps to prevent interviewers making snap adjustments It can underpin the whole range of recruitment techniques- application forms,, interviews, tests and assessment centres ATTRACTING CANDIDATES It is a matter to identify, evaluate and use the most appropriate sources of applicants. If difficulties occur in attracting candidates then being an employer there should be a proper study at the strengths and weaknesses of the company. ANALYSIS OF RECRUITMENT STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES It covers the matters like pay, employee benefits, working conditions, security of employment, educational and training opportunities, career prospectus and the reputation of an organization. The aim of an organization is to build a better image by use of advertisements, brochures or interviews. SOURCES OF CANDIDATES To fill the anticipated openings, if there are no qualified candidates inside then the outside candidates are given more consideration. This may require forecasting general economic, local market and occupational market conditions. To forecast general economic conditions is the expected prevailing rate of unemployment. Lower rate of unemployment lowers the labour supply and then its more difficult to recruit personnel Local labour market conditions are also important. Finally, the forecasting of candidates for jobs in specific occupations is to be recruited. Once a position is filled, the next step is to develop an applicant pool either from internal or external sources. Recruitment efforts are for the welfare of the strategic plans of the company. Some recruiting methods are superior to others, depending what your sources are and who a company is recruiting. If no candidates are available within an organization then the main sources of candidates are ADVERTISING Advertising is a best source to attract candidates. For successful advertisement, a company needs to address two issues: the media and the ads construction. The selection of best medium depends on the types of positions a company is recruiting. OBJECTIVES OF ADVERTISEMENT Attract attention An advertisement should be attractive enough to gain an attention of a potential candidate Create and maintain interest The information of an ad is to be communicated in an attractive way about the job, the organization, qualifications and the terms and conditions of employment. Stimulate action An advertisement should be conveyed in such a way that it not only attracts candidates but encourage them to read at the end and apply. ANALYSE THE JOB REQUIREMENT Its necessary for a company to establish that how many jobs to be filled and when. Then comes the job description and person specification for qualification and experience. The next step is to consider where suitable candidates are likely to come from and the companies, jobs or educational establishments they are in. Finally the pay and the benefits of the company are clearly shown in an advertisement. EMPLOYMENT AGENCIES AS A SOURCE OF CANDIDATES There are three basic types of employment agencies THOSE OPERATED BY FEDERAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENTS These agencies are on the rise these days. These agencies fill up the jobs, counsellors visit the work site. Review the job requirements and help the employer to write job description. THOSE ASSOCIATED WITH NONPROFIT ORGANIZATION Most societies have units which help their members in finding a suitable job. Public welfare agencies place the people who are disabled and war veterans. PRIVATE OWNED AGENCIES These agencies charge to every applicant for the application they place. These agencies are the sources of managerial personnel, clerical and white collar. RECRUITMENT CONSULTANTS Recruitment consultants advertise, interview and shortlist. STEPS FOR CHOOSING RECRUITMENT CONSULTANT Check its reputation with others Check the advertisements of other companies in order to know the consultancy Meet the consultant who is working on the assignment Compare its fee with other recruitment consultants USING RECRUITMENT CONSULTANTS It is necessary to Brief them the terms and conditions of the company Give them assistance in job defining Clarify arrangements for interviewing and short- listing Clarify the fee and expenses structure Make sure the arrangements made are directly dealing with the consultant USING EXECUTIVE SEARCH CONSULTANTS These are also known as head hunter. These consultants are for senior jobs and direct the limited number of people to specific jobs. They are bit expensive consultants .These consultants have their own contacts and have researchers who identify specific people for a specific job. The consultant forwards the shortlist of candidates with full report to the client when a number of potential candidates have been assembled. CHOOSING AN ADVERTISING COMPANY Following steps should be taken while choosing an advertising company Experience in handling recruitment advertising Services provided to the clients Fee structure Staff meeting who are working on advertisement Discuss methods of working RECRUITMENT ADVERTISEMENT A recruitment advertisement should start with a compelling headline and then it covers the areas like the organization, the job, qualification and experience, terms and conditions of job, the location and the action to be taken. The headline should be a job title and in bold letters. For attracting customers, quote the salary in an attractive way. The name of the company should be given. Create interest in the job and convey the essential features of the job by giving a brief description of the duties of a job holder. The qualification and experience should be stated. This will vary from candidate to candidate. Pay scale and the job requirements will give them the enough information about the experience required. Final section of the advertisement is how a candidate can apply for a job? Candidates would be appreciated if they apply in writing, or have a telephonic conversation or may be called for an informal chat at some suitable place. SEX DISCRIMINATION ACT 1975 According to this law it is unlawful to discriminate by favouring sex in advertisement. Sexiest job titles should be avoided. There are certain jobs which are unisex and are non discriminatory. TYPE OF ADVERTISEMENT CLASSIFIED/ RUN- ON- they are cheap and suitable for routine jobs. In this a copy is run on, having no white space in or around the advertisement and no paragraph spacing. CLASSIFIED/SEMI-DISPLAY-it is much more effective and is fairly cheap. The h